From 4899583b159dcb01be6a3c5d2eff15ff53cd454f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mikael CAPELLE <capelle.mikael@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 12 Dec 2022 15:59:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Generic Dijkstra for day 12.

---
 2022/day12.py | 127 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 83 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-)

diff --git a/2022/day12.py b/2022/day12.py
index f84587f..814505b 100644
--- a/2022/day12.py
+++ b/2022/day12.py
@@ -2,77 +2,75 @@
 
 import heapq
 import sys
-from typing import Iterator
+from typing import Callable, Iterator, TypeVar
+
+Node = TypeVar("Node")
 
 
 def dijkstra(
-    start: tuple[int, int], end: tuple[int, int], grid: list[list[int]]
-) -> list[tuple[int, int]] | None:
-    n_rows = len(grid)
-    n_cols = len(grid[0])
+    start: Node,
+    end: Node,
+    neighbors: Callable[[Node], Iterator[Node]],
+    cost: Callable[[Node, Node], float],
+    heuristic: Callable[[Node, Node], float] | None = None,
+) -> list[Node] | None:
 
-    def heuristic(row: int, col: int) -> int:
-        return abs(end[0] - row) + abs(end[1] - col)
+    queue: list[tuple[tuple[float, float, float], Node]] = []
 
-    def neighbors(row: int, col: int) -> Iterator[tuple[int, int]]:
-        for n_row, n_col in (
-            (c_row - 1, c_col),
-            (c_row + 1, c_col),
-            (c_row, c_col - 1),
-            (c_row, c_col + 1),
-        ):
+    visited: set[Node] = set()
+    lengths: dict[Node, float] = {start: 0}
+    parents: dict[Node, Node] = {}
 
-            if not (n_row >= 0 and n_row < n_rows and n_col >= 0 and n_col < n_cols):
-                continue
+    if heuristic is None:
 
-            if grid[n_row][n_col] > grid[c_row][c_col] + 1:
-                continue
+        def priority(node: Node):
+            c = lengths[node]
+            return (c, c, c)
 
-            yield n_row, n_col
+    else:
 
-    queue: list[tuple[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]]] = []
+        def priority(node: Node):
+            assert heuristic is not None
+            h = heuristic(node, end)
+            c = lengths[node]
+            return (h + c, h, c)
 
-    visited: set[tuple[int, int]] = set()
-    lengths: dict[tuple[int, int], int] = {}
-    parents: dict[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]] = {}
-
-    heapq.heappush(queue, ((heuristic(start[0], start[1]), 0), start))
+    heapq.heappush(queue, (priority(start), start))
 
     while queue and (end not in visited):
-        (_, length), (c_row, c_col) = heapq.heappop(queue)
+        (_, _, length), current = heapq.heappop(queue)
 
-        visited.add((c_row, c_col))
+        if current in visited:
+            continue
 
-        for n_row, n_col in neighbors(c_row, c_col):
+        visited.add(current)
 
-            if (n_row, n_col) in visited:
+        for neighbor in neighbors(current):
+
+            if neighbor in visited:
                 continue
 
-            if length + 1 < lengths.get((n_row, n_col), n_rows * n_cols):
-                lengths[n_row, n_col] = length + 1
-                parents[n_row, n_col] = (c_row, c_col)
+            neighbor_cost = length + cost(current, neighbor)
 
-                heapq.heappush(
-                    queue,
-                    (
-                        (heuristic(n_row, n_col) + length + 1, length + 1),
-                        (n_row, n_col),
-                    ),
-                )
+            if neighbor_cost < lengths.get(neighbor, float("inf")):
+                lengths[neighbor] = length + 1
+                parents[neighbor] = current
+
+                heapq.heappush(queue, (priority(neighbor), neighbor))
 
     if end not in visited:
         return None
 
-    path: list[tuple[int, int]] = [end]
+    path: list[Node] = [end]
 
-    while path[-1] != start:
+    while path[-1] is not start:
         path.append(parents[path[-1]])
 
     return list(reversed(path))
 
 
 def print_path(path: list[tuple[int, int]], n_rows: int, n_cols: int) -> None:
-    _, end = path[0], path[-1]
+    end = path[-1]
 
     graph = [["." for _c in range(n_cols)] for _r in range(n_rows)]
     graph[end[0]][end[1]] = "E"
@@ -119,7 +117,39 @@ for i_row, row in enumerate(grid):
 grid[start[0]][start[1]] = 0
 grid[end[0]][end[1]] = ord("z") - ord("a")
 
-path = dijkstra(start, end, grid)
+n_rows = len(grid)
+n_cols = len(grid[0])
+
+
+def heuristic(lhs: tuple[int, int], rhs: tuple[int, int]) -> float:
+    return abs(lhs[0] - rhs[0]) + abs(lhs[1] - rhs[1])
+
+
+def neighbors(node: tuple[int, int]) -> Iterator[tuple[int, int]]:
+    c_row, c_col = node
+    for n_row, n_col in (
+        (c_row - 1, c_col),
+        (c_row + 1, c_col),
+        (c_row, c_col - 1),
+        (c_row, c_col + 1),
+    ):
+
+        if not (n_row >= 0 and n_row < n_rows and n_col >= 0 and n_col < n_cols):
+            continue
+
+        if grid[n_row][n_col] > grid[c_row][c_col] + 1:
+            continue
+
+        yield n_row, n_col
+
+
+path = dijkstra(
+    start=start,
+    end=end,
+    neighbors=neighbors,
+    cost=lambda lhs, rhs: 1,
+    heuristic=heuristic,
+)
 assert path is not None
 
 print_path(path, n_rows=len(grid), n_cols=len(grid[0]))
@@ -130,6 +160,15 @@ print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
 answer_2 = min(
     len(path) - 1
     for start in start_s
-    if (path := dijkstra(start, end, grid)) is not None
+    if (
+        path := dijkstra(
+            start=start,
+            end=end,
+            neighbors=neighbors,
+            cost=lambda lhs, rhs: 1,
+            heuristic=heuristic,
+        )
+    )
+    is not None
 )
 print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")