# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*- import heapq import sys from typing import Callable, Iterator, TypeVar Node = TypeVar("Node") def dijkstra( start: Node, neighbors: Callable[[Node], Iterator[Node]], cost: Callable[[Node, Node], float], ) -> tuple[dict[Node, float], dict[Node, Node]]: """ Compute shortest paths from one node to all reachable ones. Args: start: Starting node. neighbors: Function returning the neighbors of a node. cost: Function to compute the cost of an edge. Returns: A tuple (lengths, parents) where lengths is a mapping from Node to distance (from the starting node) and parents a mapping from parents Node (in the shortest path). If keyset of lengths and parents is the same. If a Node is not in the mapping, it cannot be reached from the starting node. """ queue: list[tuple[float, Node]] = [] visited: set[Node] = set() lengths: dict[Node, float] = {start: 0} parents: dict[Node, Node] = {} heapq.heappush(queue, (0, start)) while queue: length, current = heapq.heappop(queue) if current in visited: continue visited.add(current) for neighbor in neighbors(current): if neighbor in visited: continue neighbor_cost = length + cost(current, neighbor) if neighbor_cost < lengths.get(neighbor, float("inf")): lengths[neighbor] = neighbor_cost parents[neighbor] = current heapq.heappush(queue, (neighbor_cost, neighbor)) return lengths, parents def make_path(parents: dict[Node, Node], start: Node, end: Node) -> list[Node] | None: if end not in parents: return None path: list[Node] = [end] while path[-1] is not start: path.append(parents[path[-1]]) return list(reversed(path)) def print_path(path: list[tuple[int, int]], n_rows: int, n_cols: int) -> None: end = path[-1] graph = [["." for _c in range(n_cols)] for _r in range(n_rows)] graph[end[0]][end[1]] = "E" for i in range(0, len(path) - 1): cr, cc = path[i] nr, nc = path[i + 1] if cr == nr and nc == cc - 1: graph[cr][cc] = "<" elif cr == nr and nc == cc + 1: graph[cr][cc] = ">" elif cr == nr - 1 and nc == cc: graph[cr][cc] = "v" elif cr == nr + 1 and nc == cc: graph[cr][cc] = "^" else: assert False, "{} -> {} infeasible".format(path[i], path[i + 1]) print("\n".join("".join(row) for row in graph)) def neighbors( grid: list[list[int]], node: tuple[int, int], up: bool ) -> Iterator[tuple[int, int]]: n_rows = len(grid) n_cols = len(grid[0]) c_row, c_col = node for n_row, n_col in ( (c_row - 1, c_col), (c_row + 1, c_col), (c_row, c_col - 1), (c_row, c_col + 1), ): if not (n_row >= 0 and n_row < n_rows and n_col >= 0 and n_col < n_cols): continue if up and grid[n_row][n_col] > grid[c_row][c_col] + 1: continue elif not up and grid[n_row][n_col] < grid[c_row][c_col] - 1: continue yield n_row, n_col # === main code === lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines() grid = [[ord(cell) - ord("a") for cell in line] for line in lines] start: tuple[int, int] end: tuple[int, int] # for part 2 start_s: list[tuple[int, int]] = [] for i_row, row in enumerate(grid): for i_col, col in enumerate(row): if chr(col + ord("a")) == "S": start = (i_row, i_col) start_s.append(start) elif chr(col + ord("a")) == "E": end = (i_row, i_col) elif col == 0: start_s.append((i_row, i_col)) # fix values grid[start[0]][start[1]] = 0 grid[end[0]][end[1]] = ord("z") - ord("a") lengths_1, parents_1 = dijkstra( start=start, neighbors=lambda n: neighbors(grid, n, True), cost=lambda lhs, rhs: 1 ) path_1 = make_path(parents_1, start, end) assert path_1 is not None print_path(path_1, n_rows=len(grid), n_cols=len(grid[0])) print(f"answer 1 is {lengths_1[end] - 1}") lengths_2, parents_2 = dijkstra( start=end, neighbors=lambda n: neighbors(grid, n, False), cost=lambda lhs, rhs: 1 ) answer_2 = min(lengths_2.get(start, float("inf")) for start in start_s) print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")