Poetry stuff.

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day1.py

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+import sys
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+values = [int(line) for line in lines]
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = sum(v2 > v1 for v1, v2 in zip(values[:-1], values[1:]))
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+runnings = [sum(values[i : i + 3]) for i in range(len(values) - 2)]
+answer_2 = sum(v2 > v1 for v1, v2 in zip(runnings[:-1], runnings[1:]))
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day10.py

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+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day11.py

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+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day12.py

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+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day13.py

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+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day14.py

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+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day15.py

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+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day16.py

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+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day17.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day18.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day19.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day2.py

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+import sys
+from math import prod
+from typing import Literal, cast
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+commands = [
+    (cast(Literal["forward", "up", "down"], (p := line.split())[0]), int(p[1]))
+    for line in lines
+]
+
+
+def depth_and_position(use_aim: bool):
+    aim, pos, depth = 0, 0, 0
+    for command, value in commands:
+        d_depth = 0
+        match command:
+            case "forward":
+                pos += value
+                depth += value * aim
+            case "up":
+                d_depth = -value
+            case "down":
+                d_depth = value
+
+        if use_aim:
+            aim += d_depth
+        else:
+            depth += value
+
+    return depth, pos
+
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = prod(depth_and_position(False))
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = prod(depth_and_position(True))
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day20.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day21.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day22.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day23.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day24.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day25.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day3.py

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+import sys
+from collections import Counter
+from typing import Literal
+
+
+def generator_rating(
+    values: list[str], most_common: bool, default: Literal["0", "1"]
+) -> str:
+    index = 0
+    most_common_idx = 0 if most_common else 1
+
+    while len(values) > 1:
+        cnt = Counter(value[index] for value in values)
+        bit = cnt.most_common(2)[most_common_idx][0]
+        if cnt["0"] == cnt["1"]:
+            bit = default
+        values = [value for value in values if value[index] == bit]
+        index += 1
+
+    return values[0]
+
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+
+# part 1
+most_and_least_common = [
+    tuple(Counter(line[col] for line in lines).most_common(2)[m][0] for m in range(2))
+    for col in range(len(lines[0]))
+]
+gamma_rate = int("".join(most for most, _ in most_and_least_common), base=2)
+epsilon_rate = int("".join(least for _, least in most_and_least_common), base=2)
+print(f"answer 1 is {gamma_rate * epsilon_rate}")
+
+# part 2
+oxygen_generator_rating = int(generator_rating(lines, True, "1"), base=2)
+co2_scrubber_rating = int(generator_rating(lines, False, "0"), base=2)
+answer_2 = oxygen_generator_rating * co2_scrubber_rating
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day4.py

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+import sys
+
+import numpy as np
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+numbers = [int(c) for c in lines[0].split(",")]
+
+boards = np.asarray(
+    [
+        [[int(c) for c in line.split()] for line in lines[start : start + 5]]
+        for start in range(2, len(lines), 6)
+    ]
+)
+
+# (round, score) for each board (-1 when not found)
+winning_rounds: list[tuple[int, int]] = [(-1, -1) for _ in range(len(boards))]
+marked = np.zeros_like(boards, dtype=bool)
+
+for round, number in enumerate(numbers):
+    # mark boards
+    marked[boards == number] = True
+
+    # check each board for winning
+    for index in range(len(boards)):
+        if winning_rounds[index][0] > 0:
+            continue
+
+        if np.any(np.all(marked[index], axis=0) | np.all(marked[index], axis=1)):
+            winning_rounds[index] = (
+                round,
+                number * int(np.sum(boards[index][~marked[index]])),
+            )
+
+    # all boards are winning - break
+    if np.all(marked.all(axis=1) | marked.all(axis=2)):
+        break
+
+# part 1
+(_, score) = min(winning_rounds, key=lambda w: w[0])
+print(f"answer 1 is {score}")
+
+# part 2
+(_, score) = max(winning_rounds, key=lambda w: w[0])
+print(f"answer 2 is {score}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day5.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import sys
+
+import numpy as np
+
+lines: list[str] = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+sections: list[tuple[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]]] = [
+    (
+        (
+            int(line.split(" -> ")[0].split(",")[0]),
+            int(line.split(" -> ")[0].split(",")[1]),
+        ),
+        (
+            int(line.split(" -> ")[1].split(",")[0]),
+            int(line.split(" -> ")[1].split(",")[1]),
+        ),
+    )
+    for line in lines
+]
+
+np_sections = np.array(sections).reshape(-1, 4)
+
+x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max = (
+    min(np_sections[:, 0].min(), np_sections[:, 2].min()),
+    max(np_sections[:, 0].max(), np_sections[:, 2].max()),
+    min(np_sections[:, 1].min(), np_sections[:, 3].min()),
+    max(np_sections[:, 1].max(), np_sections[:, 3].max()),
+)
+
+counts_1 = np.zeros((y_max + 1, x_max + 1), dtype=int)
+counts_2 = counts_1.copy()
+
+for (x1, y1), (x2, y2) in sections:
+    x_rng = range(x1, x2 + 1, 1) if x2 >= x1 else range(x1, x2 - 1, -1)
+    y_rng = range(y1, y2 + 1, 1) if y2 >= y1 else range(y1, y2 - 1, -1)
+
+    if x1 == x2 or y1 == y2:
+        counts_1[list(y_rng), list(x_rng)] += 1
+        counts_2[list(y_rng), list(x_rng)] += 1
+    elif abs(x2 - x1) == abs(y2 - y1):
+        for i, j in zip(y_rng, x_rng):
+            counts_2[i, j] += 1
+
+answer_1 = (counts_1 >= 2).sum()
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+answer_2 = (counts_2 >= 2).sum()
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day6.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import sys
+
+values = [int(c) for c in sys.stdin.read().strip().split(",")]
+
+days = 256
+lanterns = {day: 0 for day in range(days)}
+for value in values:
+    for day in range(value, days, 7):
+        lanterns[day] += 1
+
+for day in range(days):
+    for day2 in range(day + 9, days, 7):
+        lanterns[day2] += lanterns[day]
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = sum(v for k, v in lanterns.items() if k < 80) + len(values)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = sum(lanterns.values()) + len(values)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day7.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import sys
+
+import numpy as np
+
+positions = np.asarray([int(c) for c in sys.stdin.read().strip().split(",")])
+
+min_position, max_position = positions.min(), positions.max()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = min(
+    np.sum(np.abs(positions - position))
+    for position in range(min_position, max_position + 1)
+)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = min(
+    np.sum(abs(positions - position) * (abs(positions - position) + 1) // 2)
+    for position in range(min_position, max_position + 1)
+)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day8.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import itertools
+import os
+import sys
+
+VERBOSE = os.getenv("AOC_VERBOSE") == "True"
+
+digits = {
+    "abcefg": 0,
+    "cf": 1,
+    "acdeg": 2,
+    "acdfg": 3,
+    "bcdf": 4,
+    "abdfg": 5,
+    "abdefg": 6,
+    "acf": 7,
+    "abcdefg": 8,
+    "abcdfg": 9,
+}
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+lengths = {len(k) for k, v in digits.items() if v in (1, 4, 7, 8)}
+answer_1 = sum(
+    len(p) in lengths for line in lines for p in line.split("|")[1].strip().split()
+)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+values: list[int] = []
+
+for line in lines:
+    parts = line.split("|")
+    broken_digits = sorted(parts[0].strip().split(), key=len)
+
+    per_length = {
+        k: list(v)
+        for k, v in itertools.groupby(sorted(broken_digits, key=len), key=len)
+    }
+
+    # a can be found immediately
+    a = next(u for u in per_length[3][0] if u not in per_length[2][0])
+
+    # c and f have only two possible values corresponding to the single entry of
+    # length 2
+    cf = list(per_length[2][0])
+
+    # the only digit of length 4 contains bcdf, so we can deduce bd by removing cf
+    bd = [u for u in per_length[4][0] if u not in cf]
+
+    # the 3 digits of length 5 have a, d and g in common
+    adg = [u for u in per_length[5][0] if all(u in pe for pe in per_length[5][1:])]
+
+    # we can remove a
+    dg = [u for u in adg if u != a]
+
+    # we can deduce d and g
+    d = next(u for u in dg if u in bd)
+    g = next(u for u in dg if u != d)
+
+    # then b
+    b = next(u for u in bd if u != d)
+
+    # f is in the three 6-length digits, while c is only in 2
+    f = next(u for u in cf if all(u in p for p in per_length[6]))
+
+    # c is not f
+    c = next(u for u in cf if u != f)
+
+    # e is the last one
+    e = next(u for u in "abcdefg" if u not in {a, b, c, d, f, g})
+
+    mapping = dict(zip((a, b, c, d, e, f, g), "abcdefg"))
+
+    value = 0
+    for number in parts[1].strip().split():
+        digit = "".join(sorted(mapping[c] for c in number))
+        value = 10 * value + digits[digit]
+
+    if VERBOSE:
+        print(value)
+
+    values.append(value)
+
+
+answer_2 = sum(values)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2021/day9.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import sys
+
+blocks = sys.stdin.read().split("\n\n")
+values = sorted(sum(map(int, block.split())) for block in blocks)
+
+print(f"answer 1 is {values[-1]}")
+print(f"answer 2 is {sum(values[-3:])}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day10.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import sys
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+cycle = 1
+x = 1
+
+values = {cycle: x}
+
+for line in lines:
+    cycle += 1
+
+    if line == "noop":
+        pass
+    else:
+        r = int(line.split()[1])
+
+        values[cycle] = x
+
+        cycle += 1
+        x += r
+
+    values[cycle] = x
+
+answer_1 = sum(c * values[c] for c in range(20, max(values.keys()) + 1, 40))
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+
+for i in range(6):
+    for j in range(40):
+        v = values[1 + i * 40 + j]
+
+        if j >= v - 1 and j <= v + 1:
+            print("#", end="")
+        else:
+            print(".", end="")
+
+    print()

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day11.py

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+import copy
+import sys
+from functools import reduce
+from typing import Callable, Final, Mapping, Sequence
+
+
+class Monkey:
+    id: Final[int]
+    items: Final[Sequence[int]]
+    worry_fn: Final[Callable[[int], int]]
+    test_value: Final[int]
+    throw_targets: Final[Mapping[bool, int]]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        id: int,
+        items: list[int],
+        worry_fn: Callable[[int], int],
+        test_value: int,
+        throw_targets: dict[bool, int],
+    ):
+        self.id = id
+        self.items = items
+        self.worry_fn = worry_fn
+        self.test_value = test_value
+        self.throw_targets = throw_targets
+
+    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(o, Monkey):
+            return False
+        return self.id == o.id
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.id)
+
+
+def parse_monkey(lines: list[str]) -> Monkey:
+    assert lines[0].startswith("Monkey")
+
+    monkey_id = int(lines[0].split()[-1][:-1])
+
+    # parse items
+    items = [int(r.strip()) for r in lines[1].split(":")[1].split(",")]
+
+    # parse worry
+    worry_fn: Callable[[int], int]
+    worry_s = lines[2].split("new =")[1].strip()
+    operand = worry_s.split()[2].strip()
+
+    if worry_s.startswith("old *"):
+        if operand == "old":
+            worry_fn = lambda w: w * w  # noqa: E731
+        else:
+            worry_fn = lambda w: w * int(operand)  # noqa: E731
+    elif worry_s.startswith("old +"):
+        if operand == "old":
+            worry_fn = lambda w: w + w  # noqa: E731
+        else:
+            worry_fn = lambda w: w + int(operand)  # noqa: E731
+    else:
+        assert False, worry_s
+
+    # parse test
+    assert lines[3].split(":")[1].strip().startswith("divisible by")
+    test_value = int(lines[3].split()[-1])
+
+    assert lines[4].strip().startswith("If true")
+    assert lines[5].strip().startswith("If false")
+    throw_targets = {True: int(lines[4].split()[-1]), False: int(lines[5].split()[-1])}
+
+    assert monkey_id not in throw_targets.values()
+
+    return Monkey(monkey_id, items, worry_fn, test_value, throw_targets)
+
+
+def run(
+    monkeys: list[Monkey], n_rounds: int, me_worry_fn: Callable[[int], int]
+) -> dict[Monkey, int]:
+    """
+    Perform a full run.
+
+    Args:
+        monkeys: Initial list of monkeys. The Monkey are not modified.
+        n_rounds: Number of rounds to run.
+        me_worry_fn: Worry function to apply after the Monkey operation (e.g., divide
+            by 3 for round 1).
+
+    Returns:
+        A mapping containing, for each monkey, the number of items inspected.
+    """
+    # copy of the items
+    items = {monkey: list(monkey.items) for monkey in monkeys}
+
+    # number of inspects
+    inspects = {monkey: 0 for monkey in monkeys}
+
+    for _ in range(n_rounds):
+        for monkey in monkeys:
+            for item in items[monkey]:
+                inspects[monkey] += 1
+
+                # compute the new worry level
+                item = me_worry_fn(monkey.worry_fn(item))
+
+                # find the target
+                target = monkey.throw_targets[item % monkey.test_value == 0]
+                assert target != monkey.id
+
+                items[monkeys[target]].append(item)
+
+            # clear after the loop
+            items[monkey].clear()
+
+    return inspects
+
+
+def monkey_business(inspects: dict[Monkey, int]) -> int:
+    sorted_levels = sorted(inspects.values())
+    return sorted_levels[-2] * sorted_levels[-1]
+
+
+monkeys = [parse_monkey(block.splitlines()) for block in sys.stdin.read().split("\n\n")]
+
+# case 1: we simply divide the worry by 3 after applying the monkey worry operation
+answer_1 = monkey_business(
+    run(copy.deepcopy(monkeys), 20, me_worry_fn=lambda w: w // 3)
+)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# case 2: to keep reasonable level values, we can use a modulo operation, we need to
+# use the product of all "divisible by" test so that the test remains valid
+#
+# (a + b) % c == ((a % c) + (b % c)) % c --- this would work for a single test value
+#
+# (a + b) % c == ((a % d) + (b % d)) % c --- if d is a multiple of c, which is why here
+# we use the product of all test value
+#
+total_test_value = reduce(lambda w, m: w * m.test_value, monkeys, 1)
+answer_2 = monkey_business(
+    run(copy.deepcopy(monkeys), 10_000, me_worry_fn=lambda w: w % total_test_value)
+)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day12.py

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+import heapq
+import sys
+from typing import Callable, Iterator, TypeVar
+
+Node = TypeVar("Node")
+
+
+def dijkstra(
+    start: Node,
+    neighbors: Callable[[Node], Iterator[Node]],
+    cost: Callable[[Node, Node], float],
+) -> tuple[dict[Node, float], dict[Node, Node]]:
+    """
+    Compute shortest paths from one node to all reachable ones.
+
+    Args:
+        start: Starting node.
+        neighbors: Function returning the neighbors of a node.
+        cost: Function to compute the cost of an edge.
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple (lengths, parents) where lengths is a mapping from Node to distance
+        (from the starting node) and parents a mapping from parents Node (in the
+        shortest path). If keyset of lengths and parents is the same. If a Node is not
+        in the mapping, it cannot be reached from the starting node.
+    """
+
+    queue: list[tuple[float, Node]] = []
+
+    visited: set[Node] = set()
+    lengths: dict[Node, float] = {start: 0}
+    parents: dict[Node, Node] = {}
+
+    heapq.heappush(queue, (0, start))
+
+    while queue:
+        length, current = heapq.heappop(queue)
+
+        if current in visited:
+            continue
+
+        visited.add(current)
+
+        for neighbor in neighbors(current):
+            if neighbor in visited:
+                continue
+
+            neighbor_cost = length + cost(current, neighbor)
+
+            if neighbor_cost < lengths.get(neighbor, float("inf")):
+                lengths[neighbor] = neighbor_cost
+                parents[neighbor] = current
+
+                heapq.heappush(queue, (neighbor_cost, neighbor))
+
+    return lengths, parents
+
+
+def make_path(parents: dict[Node, Node], start: Node, end: Node) -> list[Node] | None:
+    if end not in parents:
+        return None
+
+    path: list[Node] = [end]
+
+    while path[-1] is not start:
+        path.append(parents[path[-1]])
+
+    return list(reversed(path))
+
+
+def print_path(path: list[tuple[int, int]], n_rows: int, n_cols: int) -> None:
+    end = path[-1]
+
+    graph = [["." for _c in range(n_cols)] for _r in range(n_rows)]
+    graph[end[0]][end[1]] = "E"
+
+    for i in range(0, len(path) - 1):
+        cr, cc = path[i]
+        nr, nc = path[i + 1]
+
+        if cr == nr and nc == cc - 1:
+            graph[cr][cc] = "<"
+        elif cr == nr and nc == cc + 1:
+            graph[cr][cc] = ">"
+        elif cr == nr - 1 and nc == cc:
+            graph[cr][cc] = "v"
+        elif cr == nr + 1 and nc == cc:
+            graph[cr][cc] = "^"
+        else:
+            assert False, "{} -> {} infeasible".format(path[i], path[i + 1])
+
+    print("\n".join("".join(row) for row in graph))
+
+
+def neighbors(
+    grid: list[list[int]], node: tuple[int, int], up: bool
+) -> Iterator[tuple[int, int]]:
+    n_rows = len(grid)
+    n_cols = len(grid[0])
+
+    c_row, c_col = node
+    for n_row, n_col in (
+        (c_row - 1, c_col),
+        (c_row + 1, c_col),
+        (c_row, c_col - 1),
+        (c_row, c_col + 1),
+    ):
+        if not (n_row >= 0 and n_row < n_rows and n_col >= 0 and n_col < n_cols):
+            continue
+
+        if up and grid[n_row][n_col] > grid[c_row][c_col] + 1:
+            continue
+        elif not up and grid[n_row][n_col] < grid[c_row][c_col] - 1:
+            continue
+
+        yield n_row, n_col
+
+
+# === main code ===
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+grid = [[ord(cell) - ord("a") for cell in line] for line in lines]
+
+start: tuple[int, int]
+end: tuple[int, int]
+
+# for part 2
+start_s: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
+
+for i_row, row in enumerate(grid):
+    for i_col, col in enumerate(row):
+        if chr(col + ord("a")) == "S":
+            start = (i_row, i_col)
+            start_s.append(start)
+        elif chr(col + ord("a")) == "E":
+            end = (i_row, i_col)
+        elif col == 0:
+            start_s.append((i_row, i_col))
+
+# fix values
+grid[start[0]][start[1]] = 0
+grid[end[0]][end[1]] = ord("z") - ord("a")
+
+
+lengths_1, parents_1 = dijkstra(
+    start=start, neighbors=lambda n: neighbors(grid, n, True), cost=lambda lhs, rhs: 1
+)
+path_1 = make_path(parents_1, start, end)
+assert path_1 is not None
+
+print_path(path_1, n_rows=len(grid), n_cols=len(grid[0]))
+
+print(f"answer 1 is {lengths_1[end] - 1}")
+
+lengths_2, parents_2 = dijkstra(
+    start=end, neighbors=lambda n: neighbors(grid, n, False), cost=lambda lhs, rhs: 1
+)
+answer_2 = min(lengths_2.get(start, float("inf")) for start in start_s)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day13.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import json
+import sys
+from functools import cmp_to_key
+from typing import TypeAlias, cast
+
+blocks = sys.stdin.read().strip().split("\n\n")
+
+pairs = [tuple(json.loads(p) for p in block.split("\n")) for block in blocks]
+
+Packet: TypeAlias = list[int | list["Packet"]]
+
+
+def compare(lhs: Packet, rhs: Packet) -> int:
+    for lhs_a, rhs_a in zip(lhs, rhs):
+        if isinstance(lhs_a, int) and isinstance(rhs_a, int):
+            if lhs_a != rhs_a:
+                return rhs_a - lhs_a
+        else:
+            if not isinstance(lhs_a, list):
+                lhs_a = [lhs_a]  # type: ignore
+            elif not isinstance(rhs_a, list):
+                rhs_a = [rhs_a]  # type: ignore
+            assert isinstance(rhs_a, list) and isinstance(lhs_a, list)
+            r = compare(cast(Packet, lhs_a), cast(Packet, rhs_a))
+            if r != 0:
+                return r
+
+    return len(rhs) - len(lhs)
+
+
+answer_1 = sum(i + 1 for i, (lhs, rhs) in enumerate(pairs) if compare(lhs, rhs) > 0)
+print(f"answer_1 is {answer_1}")
+
+dividers = [[[2]], [[6]]]
+
+packets = [packet for packets in pairs for packet in packets]
+packets.extend(dividers)
+packets = list(reversed(sorted(packets, key=cmp_to_key(compare))))
+
+d_index = [packets.index(d) + 1 for d in dividers]
+print(f"answer 2 is {d_index[0] * d_index[1]}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day14.py

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import sys
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from typing import Callable, cast
+
+
+class Cell(Enum):
+    AIR = auto()
+    ROCK = auto()
+    SAND = auto()
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return {Cell.AIR: ".", Cell.ROCK: "#", Cell.SAND: "O"}[self]
+
+
+def print_blocks(blocks: dict[tuple[int, int], Cell]):
+    """
+    Print the given set of blocks on a grid.
+
+    Args:
+        blocks: Set of blocks to print.
+    """
+    x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max = (
+        min(x for x, _ in blocks),
+        0,
+        max(x for x, _ in blocks),
+        max(y for _, y in blocks),
+    )
+
+    for y in range(y_min, y_max + 1):
+        print(
+            "".join(str(blocks.get((x, y), Cell.AIR)) for x in range(x_min, x_max + 1))
+        )
+
+
+def flow(
+    blocks: dict[tuple[int, int], Cell],
+    stop_fn: Callable[[int, int], bool],
+    fill_fn: Callable[[int, int], Cell],
+) -> dict[tuple[int, int], Cell]:
+    """
+    Flow sands onto the given set of blocks
+
+    Args:
+        blocks: Blocks containing ROCK position. Modified in-place.
+        stop_fn: Function called with the last (assumed) position of a grain of
+            sand BEFORE adding it to blocks. If the function returns True, the grain
+            is added and a new one is flowed, otherwise, the whole procedure stops
+            and the function returns (without adding the final grain).
+        fill_fn: Function called when the target position of a grain (during the
+            flowing process) is missing from blocks.
+
+    Returns:
+        The input blocks.
+    """
+
+    y_max = max(y for _, y in blocks)
+
+    while True:
+        x, y = 500, 0
+
+        while y <= y_max:
+            moved = False
+            for cx, cy in ((x, y + 1), (x - 1, y + 1), (x + 1, y + 1)):
+                if (cx, cy) not in blocks and fill_fn(cx, cy) == Cell.AIR:
+                    x, y = cx, cy
+                    moved = True
+                elif blocks[cx, cy] == Cell.AIR:
+                    x, y = cx, cy
+                    moved = True
+
+                if moved:
+                    break
+
+            if not moved:
+                break
+
+        if stop_fn(x, y):
+            break
+
+        blocks[x, y] = Cell.SAND
+
+    return blocks
+
+
+# === inputs ===
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+paths: list[list[tuple[int, int]]] = []
+for line in lines:
+    parts = line.split(" -> ")
+    paths.append(
+        [
+            cast(tuple[int, int], tuple(int(c.strip()) for c in part.split(",")))
+            for part in parts
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+blocks: dict[tuple[int, int], Cell] = {}
+for path in paths:
+    for start, end in zip(path[:-1], path[1:]):
+        x_start = min(start[0], end[0])
+        x_end = max(start[0], end[0]) + 1
+        y_start = min(start[1], end[1])
+        y_end = max(start[1], end[1]) + 1
+
+        for x in range(x_start, x_end):
+            for y in range(y_start, y_end):
+                blocks[x, y] = Cell.ROCK
+
+print_blocks(blocks)
+print()
+
+x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max = (
+    min(x for x, _ in blocks),
+    0,
+    max(x for x, _ in blocks),
+    max(y for _, y in blocks),
+)
+
+# === part 1 ===
+
+blocks_1 = flow(
+    blocks.copy(), stop_fn=lambda x, y: y > y_max, fill_fn=lambda x, y: Cell.AIR
+)
+print_blocks(blocks_1)
+print(f"answer 1 is {sum(v == Cell.SAND for v in blocks_1.values())}")
+print()
+
+# === part 2 ===
+
+blocks_2 = flow(
+    blocks.copy(),
+    stop_fn=lambda x, y: x == 500 and y == 0,
+    fill_fn=lambda x, y: Cell.AIR if y < y_max + 2 else Cell.ROCK,
+)
+blocks_2[500, 0] = Cell.SAND
+print_blocks(blocks_2)
+print(f"answer 2 is {sum(v == Cell.SAND for v in blocks_2.values())}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day15.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import sys
+
+import numpy as np
+import parse
+
+
+def part1(sensor_to_beacon: dict[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]], row: int) -> int:
+    no_beacons_row_l: list[np.ndarray] = []
+
+    for (sx, sy), (bx, by) in sensor_to_beacon.items():
+        d = abs(sx - bx) + abs(sy - by)  # closest
+
+        no_beacons_row_l.append(sx - np.arange(0, d - abs(sy - row) + 1))
+        no_beacons_row_l.append(sx + np.arange(0, d - abs(sy - row) + 1))
+
+    beacons_at_row = set(bx for (bx, by) in sensor_to_beacon.values() if by == row)
+    no_beacons_row = set(np.concatenate(no_beacons_row_l)).difference(beacons_at_row)
+
+    return len(no_beacons_row)
+
+
+def part2_intervals(
+    sensor_to_beacon: dict[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]], xy_max: int
+) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+    from tqdm import trange
+
+    for y in trange(xy_max + 1):
+        its: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
+        for (sx, sy), (bx, by) in sensor_to_beacon.items():
+            d = abs(sx - bx) + abs(sy - by)
+            dx = d - abs(sy - y)
+
+            if dx >= 0:
+                its.append((max(0, sx - dx), min(sx + dx, xy_max)))
+
+        its = sorted(its)
+        _, e = its[0]
+
+        for si, ei in its[1:]:
+            if si > e + 1:
+                return si - 1, y, 4_000_000 * (si - 1) + y
+            if ei > e:
+                e = ei
+
+    return (0, 0, 0)
+
+
+def part2_cplex(
+    sensor_to_beacon: dict[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]], xy_max: int
+) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+    from docplex.mp.model import Model
+
+    m = Model()
+
+    x, y = m.continuous_var_list(2, ub=xy_max, name=["x", "y"])
+
+    for (sx, sy), (bx, by) in sensor_to_beacon.items():
+        d = abs(sx - bx) + abs(sy - by)
+        m.add_constraint(m.abs(x - sx) + m.abs(y - sy) >= d + 1, ctname=f"ct_{sx}_{sy}")
+
+    m.set_objective("min", x + y)
+
+    s = m.solve()
+
+    vx = int(s.get_value(x))
+    vy = int(s.get_value(y))
+    return vx, vy, 4_000_000 * vx + vy
+
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+sensor_to_beacon: dict[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]] = {}
+
+for line in lines:
+    r = parse.parse(
+        "Sensor at x={sx}, y={sy}: closest beacon is at x={bx}, y={by}", line
+    )
+    sensor_to_beacon[int(r["sx"]), int(r["sy"])] = (int(r["bx"]), int(r["by"]))
+
+xy_max = 4_000_000 if max(sensor_to_beacon) > (1_000, 0) else 20
+row = 2_000_000 if max(sensor_to_beacon) > (1_000, 0) else 10
+
+print(f"answer 1 is {part1(sensor_to_beacon, row)}")
+
+# x, y, a2 = part2_cplex(sensor_to_beacon, xy_max)
+x, y, a2 = part2_intervals(sensor_to_beacon, xy_max)
+print(f"answer 2 is {a2} (x={x}, y={y})")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day16.py

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import heapq
+import itertools
+import re
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from typing import FrozenSet, NamedTuple
+
+from tqdm import tqdm
+
+
+class Pipe(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    flow: int
+    tunnels: list[str]
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, Pipe) and other.name < self.name
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, Pipe) and other.name == self.name
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.name)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+
+def breadth_first_search(pipes: dict[str, Pipe], pipe: Pipe) -> dict[Pipe, int]:
+    """
+    Runs a BFS from the given pipe and return the shortest distance (in term of hops)
+    to all other pipes.
+    """
+    queue = [(0, pipe_1)]
+    visited = set()
+    distances: dict[Pipe, int] = {}
+
+    while len(distances) < len(pipes):
+        distance, current = heapq.heappop(queue)
+
+        if current in visited:
+            continue
+
+        visited.add(current)
+        distances[current] = distance
+
+        for tunnel in current.tunnels:
+            heapq.heappush(queue, (distance + 1, pipes[tunnel]))
+
+    return distances
+
+
+def update_with_better(
+    node_at_times: dict[FrozenSet[Pipe], int], flow: int, flowing: FrozenSet[Pipe]
+) -> None:
+    node_at_times[flowing] = max(node_at_times[flowing], flow)
+
+
+def part_1(
+    start_pipe: Pipe,
+    max_time: int,
+    distances: dict[tuple[Pipe, Pipe], int],
+    relevant_pipes: FrozenSet[Pipe],
+):
+    node_at_times: dict[int, dict[Pipe, dict[FrozenSet[Pipe], int]]] = defaultdict(
+        lambda: defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: 0))
+    )
+    node_at_times[0] = {start_pipe: {frozenset(): 0}}
+
+    for time in range(max_time):
+        for c_pipe, nodes in node_at_times[time].items():
+            for flowing, flow in nodes.items():
+                for target in relevant_pipes:
+                    distance = distances[c_pipe, target] + 1
+                    if time + distance >= max_time or target in flowing:
+                        continue
+
+                    update_with_better(
+                        node_at_times[time + distance][target],
+                        flow + sum(pipe.flow for pipe in flowing) * distance,
+                        flowing | {target},
+                    )
+
+                update_with_better(
+                    node_at_times[max_time][c_pipe],
+                    flow + sum(pipe.flow for pipe in flowing) * (max_time - time),
+                    flowing,
+                )
+
+    return max(
+        flow
+        for nodes_of_pipe in node_at_times[max_time].values()
+        for flow in nodes_of_pipe.values()
+    )
+
+
+def part_2(
+    start_pipe: Pipe,
+    max_time: int,
+    distances: dict[tuple[Pipe, Pipe], int],
+    relevant_pipes: FrozenSet[Pipe],
+):
+    def compute(pipes_for_me: FrozenSet[Pipe]) -> int:
+        return part_1(start_pipe, max_time, distances, pipes_for_me) + part_1(
+            start_pipe, max_time, distances, relevant_pipes - pipes_for_me
+        )
+
+    combs = [
+        frozenset(relevant_pipes_1)
+        for r in range(2, len(relevant_pipes) // 2 + 1)
+        for relevant_pipes_1 in itertools.combinations(relevant_pipes, r)
+    ]
+
+    return max(compute(comb) for comb in tqdm(combs))
+
+
+# === MAIN ===
+
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+
+pipes: dict[str, Pipe] = {}
+for line in lines:
+    r = re.match(
+        R"Valve ([A-Z]+) has flow rate=([0-9]+); tunnels? leads? to valves? (.+)",
+        line,
+    )
+    assert r
+
+    g = r.groups()
+
+    pipes[g[0]] = Pipe(g[0], int(g[1]), g[2].split(", "))
+
+# compute distances from one valve to any other
+distances: dict[tuple[Pipe, Pipe], int] = {}
+for pipe_1 in pipes.values():
+    distances.update(
+        {
+            (pipe_1, pipe_2): distance
+            for pipe_2, distance in breadth_first_search(pipes, pipe_1).items()
+        }
+    )
+
+# valves with flow
+relevant_pipes = frozenset(pipe for pipe in pipes.values() if pipe.flow > 0)
+
+
+# 1651, 1653
+print(part_1(pipes["AA"], 30, distances, relevant_pipes))
+
+# 1707, 2223
+print(part_2(pipes["AA"], 26, distances, relevant_pipes))

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day17.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Sequence, TypeVar
+
+import numpy as np
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+def print_tower(tower: np.ndarray, out: str = "#"):
+    print("-" * (tower.shape[1] + 2))
+    non_empty = False
+    for row in reversed(range(1, tower.shape[0])):
+        if not non_empty and not tower[row, :].any():
+            continue
+        non_empty = True
+        print("|" + "".join(out if c else "." for c in tower[row, :]) + "|")
+    print("+" + "-" * tower.shape[1] + "+")
+
+
+def tower_height(tower: np.ndarray) -> int:
+    return int(tower.shape[0] - tower[::-1, :].argmax(axis=0).min() - 1)
+
+
+def next_cycle(sequence: Sequence[T], index: int) -> tuple[T, int]:
+    t = sequence[index]
+    index = (index + 1) % len(sequence)
+    return t, index
+
+
+ROCKS = [
+    np.array([(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3)]),
+    np.array([(0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1)]),
+    np.array([(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 2), (2, 2)]),
+    np.array([(0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0), (3, 0)]),
+    np.array([(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)]),
+]
+
+WIDTH = 7
+START_X = 2
+
+EMPTY_BLOCKS = np.zeros((10, WIDTH), dtype=bool)
+
+
+def build_tower(
+    n_rocks: int,
+    jets: str,
+    early_stop: bool = False,
+    init: np.ndarray = np.ones(WIDTH, dtype=bool),
+) -> tuple[np.ndarray, int, int, dict[int, int]]:
+    tower = EMPTY_BLOCKS.copy()
+    tower[0, :] = init
+
+    done_at: dict[tuple[int, int], int] = {}
+    heights: dict[int, int] = {}
+    i_jet, i_rock = 0, 0
+    rock_count = 0
+
+    for rock_count in range(n_rocks):
+        if early_stop:
+            if i_rock == 0 and (i_rock, i_jet) in done_at:
+                break
+            done_at[i_rock, i_jet] = rock_count
+
+        y_start = tower.shape[0] - tower[::-1, :].argmax(axis=0).min() + 3
+        rock, i_rock = next_cycle(ROCKS, i_rock)
+
+        rock_y = rock[:, 0] + y_start
+        rock_x = rock[:, 1] + START_X
+
+        if rock_y.max() >= tower.shape[0]:
+            tower = np.concatenate([tower, EMPTY_BLOCKS], axis=0)
+
+        while True:
+            jet, i_jet = next_cycle(jets, i_jet)
+
+            dx = 0
+            if jet == ">" and rock_x.max() < WIDTH - 1:
+                dx = 1
+            elif jet == "<" and rock_x.min() > 0:
+                dx = -1
+
+            if dx != 0 and not tower[rock_y, rock_x + dx].any():
+                rock_x = rock_x + dx
+
+            # move down
+            rock_y -= 1
+
+            if tower[rock_y, rock_x].any():
+                rock_y += 1
+                break
+
+        heights[rock_count] = tower_height(tower)
+        tower[rock_y, rock_x] = True
+
+    return tower, rock_count, done_at.get((i_rock, i_jet), -1), heights
+
+
+line = sys.stdin.read().strip()
+
+tower, *_ = build_tower(2022, line)
+answer_1 = tower_height(tower)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+TOTAL_ROCKS = 1_000_000_000_000
+tower_1, n_rocks_1, prev_1, heights_1 = build_tower(TOTAL_ROCKS, line, True)
+assert prev_1 > 0
+
+# 2767 1513
+remaining_rocks = TOTAL_ROCKS - n_rocks_1
+n_repeat_rocks = n_rocks_1 - prev_1
+n_repeat_towers = remaining_rocks // n_repeat_rocks
+
+base_height = heights_1[prev_1]
+repeat_height = heights_1[prev_1 + n_repeat_rocks - 1] - heights_1[prev_1]
+remaining_height = (
+    heights_1[prev_1 + remaining_rocks % n_repeat_rocks] - heights_1[prev_1]
+)
+
+answer_2 = base_height + (n_repeat_towers + 1) * repeat_height + remaining_height
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day18.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import sys
+from typing import FrozenSet
+
+import numpy as np
+
+xyz = np.asarray(
+    [
+        tuple(int(x) for x in row.split(","))  # type: ignore
+        for row in sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+    ]
+)
+
+xyz = xyz - xyz.min(axis=0) + 1
+
+cubes = np.zeros(xyz.max(axis=0) + 3, dtype=bool)
+cubes[xyz[:, 0], xyz[:, 1], xyz[:, 2]] = True
+
+n_dims = len(cubes.shape)
+
+faces = [(-1, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0), (0, -1, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, -1), (0, 0, 1)]
+
+answer_1 = sum(
+    1 for x, y, z in xyz for dx, dy, dz in faces if not cubes[x + dx, y + dy, z + dz]
+)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+visited = np.zeros_like(cubes, dtype=bool)
+queue = [(0, 0, 0)]
+
+n_faces = 0
+while queue:
+    x, y, z = queue.pop(0)
+
+    if visited[x, y, z]:
+        continue
+
+    visited[x, y, z] = True
+
+    for dx, dy, dz in faces:
+        nx, ny, nz = x + dx, y + dy, z + dz
+        if not all(n >= 0 and n < cubes.shape[i] for i, n in enumerate((nx, ny, nz))):
+            continue
+
+        if visited[nx, ny, nz]:
+            continue
+
+        if cubes[nx, ny, nz]:
+            n_faces += 1
+        else:
+            queue.append((nx, ny, nz))
+print(f"answer 2 is {n_faces}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day19.py

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Literal
+
+import numpy as np
+import parse
+from tqdm import tqdm
+
+Reagent = Literal["ore", "clay", "obsidian", "geode"]
+REAGENTS: tuple[Reagent, ...] = (
+    "ore",
+    "clay",
+    "obsidian",
+    "geode",
+)
+
+IntOfReagent = dict[Reagent, int]
+
+
+class State:
+    robots: IntOfReagent
+    reagents: IntOfReagent
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        robots: IntOfReagent | None = None,
+        reagents: IntOfReagent | None = None,
+    ):
+        if robots is None:
+            assert reagents is None
+            self.reagents = {reagent: 0 for reagent in REAGENTS}
+            self.robots = {reagent: 0 for reagent in REAGENTS}
+            self.robots["ore"] = 1
+        else:
+            assert robots is not None and reagents is not None
+            self.robots = robots
+            self.reagents = reagents
+
+    def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, State)
+            and self.robots == other.robots
+            and self.reagents == other.reagents
+        )
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(tuple((self.robots[r], self.reagents[r]) for r in REAGENTS))
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "State({}, {})".format(
+            "/".join(str(self.robots[k]) for k in REAGENTS),
+            "/".join(str(self.reagents[k]) for k in REAGENTS),
+        )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return str(self)
+
+
+def dominates(lhs: State, rhs: State):
+    return all(
+        lhs.robots[r] >= rhs.robots[r] and lhs.reagents[r] >= rhs.reagents[r]
+        for r in REAGENTS
+    )
+
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+blueprints: list[dict[Reagent, IntOfReagent]] = []
+for line in lines:
+    r = parse.parse(
+        "Blueprint {}: "
+        "Each ore robot costs {:d} ore. "
+        "Each clay robot costs {:d} ore. "
+        "Each obsidian robot costs {:d} ore and {:d} clay. "
+        "Each geode robot costs {:d} ore and {:d} obsidian.",
+        line,
+    )
+
+    blueprints.append(
+        {
+            "ore": {"ore": r[1]},
+            "clay": {"ore": r[2]},
+            "obsidian": {"ore": r[3], "clay": r[4]},
+            "geode": {"ore": r[5], "obsidian": r[6]},
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def run(blueprint: dict[Reagent, dict[Reagent, int]], max_time: int) -> int:
+    # since we can only build one robot per time, we do not need more than X robots
+    # of type K where X is the maximum number of K required among all robots, e.g.,
+    # in the first toy blueprint, we need at most 4 ore robots, 14 clay ones and 7
+    # obsidian ones
+    maximums = {
+        name: max(blueprint[r].get(name, 0) for r in REAGENTS) for name in REAGENTS
+    }
+
+    state_after_t: dict[int, set[State]] = {0: [State()]}
+
+    for t in range(1, max_time + 1):
+        # list of new states at the end of step t that we are going to prune later
+        states_for_t: set[State] = set()
+
+        for state in state_after_t[t - 1]:
+            robots_that_can_be_built = [
+                robot
+                for robot in REAGENTS
+                if all(
+                    state.reagents[reagent] >= blueprint[robot].get(reagent, 0)
+                    for reagent in REAGENTS
+                )
+            ]
+
+            states_for_t.add(
+                State(
+                    robots=state.robots,
+                    reagents={
+                        reagent: state.reagents[reagent] + state.robots[reagent]
+                        for reagent in REAGENTS
+                    },
+                )
+            )
+
+            if "geode" in robots_that_can_be_built:
+                robots_that_can_be_built = ["geode"]
+            else:
+                robots_that_can_be_built = [
+                    robot
+                    for robot in robots_that_can_be_built
+                    if state.robots[robot] < maximums[robot]
+                ]
+
+            for robot in robots_that_can_be_built:
+                robots = state.robots.copy()
+                robots[robot] += 1
+                reagents = {
+                    reagent: state.reagents[reagent]
+                    + state.robots[reagent]
+                    - blueprint[robot].get(reagent, 0)
+                    for reagent in REAGENTS
+                }
+                states_for_t.add(State(robots=robots, reagents=reagents))
+
+        # use numpy to switch computation of dominated states -> store each state
+        # as a 8 array and use numpy broadcasting to find dominated states
+        states_after = np.asarray(list(states_for_t))
+        np_states = np.array(
+            [
+                [state.robots[r] for r in REAGENTS]
+                + [state.reagents[r] for r in REAGENTS]
+                for state in states_after
+            ]
+        )
+
+        to_keep = []
+        while len(np_states) > 0:
+            first_dom = (np_states[1:] >= np_states[0]).all(axis=1).any()
+
+            if first_dom:
+                np_states = np_states[1:]
+            else:
+                to_keep.append(np_states[0])
+                np_states = np_states[1:][~(np_states[1:] <= np_states[0]).all(axis=1)]
+
+        state_after_t[t] = {
+            State(
+                robots=dict(zip(REAGENTS, row[:4])),
+                reagents=dict(zip(REAGENTS, row[4:])),
+            )
+            for row in to_keep
+        }
+
+    return max(state.reagents["geode"] for state in state_after_t[max_time])
+
+
+answer_1 = sum(
+    (i_blueprint + 1) * run(blueprint, 24)
+    for i_blueprint, blueprint in enumerate(blueprints)
+)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+answer_2 = run(blueprints[0], 32) * run(blueprints[1], 32) * run(blueprints[2], 32)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import sys
+
+
+def score_1(ux: int, vx: int) -> int:
+    # here ux and vx are both moves: 0 = rock, 1 = paper, 2 = scissor
+    #
+
+    # 1. to get the score of the move/shape, we simply add 1 -> vx + 1
+    # 2. to get the score of the outcome (loss/draw/win), we use the fact that the
+    #    winning hand is always the opponent hand (ux) + 1 in modulo-3 arithmetic:
+    #    - (ux - vx) % 3 gives us 0 for a draw, 1 for a loss and 2 for a win
+    #    - 1 - ((ux - vx) % 3) gives us -1 for a win, 0 for a loss and 1 for a draw
+    #    - (1 - ((ux - vx) % 3)) gives us 0 / 1 / 2 for loss / draw / win
+    #    - the above can be rewritten as ((1 - (ux - vx)) % 3)
+    #    we can then simply multiply this by 3 to get the outcome score
+    #
+    return (vx + 1) + ((1 - (ux - vx)) % 3) * 3
+
+
+def score_2(ux: int, vx: int) -> int:
+    # here ux is the opponent move (0 = rock, 1 = paper, 2 = scissor) and vx is the
+    # outcome (0 = loss, 1 = draw, 2 = win)
+    #
+
+    # 1. to get the score to the move/shape, we need to find it (as 0, 1 or 2) and then
+    #    add 1 to it
+    #    - (vx - 1) gives the offset from the opponent shape (-1 for a loss, 0 for a
+    #      draw and 1 for a win)
+    #    - from the offset, we can retrieve the shape by adding the opponent shape and
+    #      using modulo-3 arithmetic -> (ux + vx - 1) % 3
+    #    - we then add 1 to get the final shape score
+    # 2. to get the score of the outcome, we can simply multiply vx by 3 -> vx * 3
+    return (ux + vx - 1) % 3 + 1 + vx * 3
+
+
+lines = sys.stdin.readlines()
+
+# the solution relies on replacing rock / paper / scissor by values 0 / 1 / 2 and using
+# modulo-3 arithmetic
+#
+# in modulo-3 arithmetic, the winning move is 1 + the opponent move (e.g., winning move
+# if opponent plays 0 is 1, or 0 if opponent plays 2 (0 = (2 + 1 % 3)))
+#
+
+# we read the lines in a Nx2 in array with value 0/1/2 instead of A/B/C or X/Y/Z for
+# easier manipulation
+values = [(ord(row[0]) - ord("A"), ord(row[2]) - ord("X")) for row in lines]
+
+# part 1 - 13526
+print(f"answer 1 is {sum(score_1(*v) for v in values)}")
+
+# part 2 - 14204
+print(f"answer 2 is {sum(score_2(*v) for v in values)}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day20.py

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+
+
+class Number:
+    current: int
+    value: int
+
+    def __init__(self, value: int):
+        self.current = 0
+        self.value = value
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.value)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return str(self)
+
+
+def decrypt(numbers: list[Number], key: int, rounds: int) -> int:
+    numbers = numbers.copy()
+    original = numbers.copy()
+
+    for index, number in enumerate(numbers):
+        number.current = index
+
+    for _ in range(rounds):
+        for number in original:
+            index = number.current
+            offset = (number.value * key) % (len(numbers) - 1)
+            target = index + offset
+
+            # need to wrap
+            if target >= len(numbers):
+                target = offset - (len(numbers) - index) + 1
+
+                for number_2 in numbers[target:index]:
+                    number_2.current += 1
+
+                numbers = (
+                    numbers[:target]
+                    + [number]
+                    + numbers[target:index]
+                    + numbers[index + 1 :]
+                )
+            else:
+                for number_2 in numbers[index : target + 1]:
+                    number_2.current -= 1
+
+                numbers = (
+                    numbers[:index]
+                    + numbers[index + 1 : target + 1]
+                    + [number]
+                    + numbers[target + 1 :]
+                )
+            number.current = target
+
+    index_of_0 = next(
+        filter(lambda index: numbers[index].value == 0, range(len(numbers)))
+    )
+    return sum(
+        numbers[(index_of_0 + offset) % len(numbers)].value * key
+        for offset in (1000, 2000, 3000)
+    )
+
+
+numbers = [Number(int(x)) for i, x in enumerate(sys.stdin.readlines())]
+
+answer_1 = decrypt(numbers, 1, 1)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+answer_2 = decrypt(numbers, 811589153, 10)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day21.py

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import operator
+import sys
+from typing import Callable
+
+
+def compute(monkeys: dict[str, int | tuple[str, str, str]], monkey: str) -> int:
+    value = monkeys[monkey]
+    if isinstance(value, int):
+        return value
+    else:
+        op: dict[str, Callable[[int, int], int]] = {
+            "+": operator.add,
+            "-": operator.sub,
+            "*": operator.mul,
+            "/": operator.floordiv,
+        }
+        value = op[value[1]](compute(monkeys, value[0]), compute(monkeys, value[2]))
+        monkeys[monkey] = value
+        return value
+
+
+def invert(
+    monkeys: dict[str, int | tuple[str, str, str]], monkey: str, target: int
+) -> dict[str, int | tuple[str, str, str]]:
+    """
+    Revert the given mapping from monkey name to value or operation such that
+    the value from 'monkey' is computable by inverting operation until the root is
+    found.
+
+    Args:
+        monkeys: Dictionary of monkeys, that will be updated and returned.
+        monkey: Name of the monkey to start from.
+        target: Target value to set for the monkey that depends on root.
+
+    Returns:
+        The given dictionary of monkeys.
+    """
+
+    monkeys = monkeys.copy()
+
+    depends: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for m, v in monkeys.items():
+        if isinstance(v, int):
+            continue
+
+        op1, _, op2 = v
+
+        assert op1 not in depends
+        assert op2 not in depends
+        depends[op1] = m
+        depends[op2] = m
+
+    invert_op = {"+": "-", "-": "+", "*": "/", "/": "*"}
+
+    current = monkey
+    while True:
+        dep = depends[current]
+
+        if dep == "root":
+            monkeys[current] = target
+            break
+
+        val = monkeys[dep]
+        assert not isinstance(val, int)
+
+        op1, ope, op2 = val
+
+        if op1 == current:
+            monkeys[current] = (dep, invert_op[ope], op2)
+        elif ope in ("+", "*"):
+            monkeys[current] = (dep, invert_op[ope], op1)
+        else:
+            monkeys[current] = (op1, ope, dep)
+
+        current = dep
+
+    return monkeys
+
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+monkeys: dict[str, int | tuple[str, str, str]] = {}
+
+op_monkeys: set[str] = set()
+
+for line in lines:
+    parts = line.split(":")
+    name = parts[0].strip()
+
+    try:
+        value = int(parts[1].strip())
+        monkeys[name] = value
+    except ValueError:
+        op1, ope, op2 = parts[1].strip().split()
+        monkeys[name] = (op1, ope, op2)
+
+        op_monkeys.add(name)
+
+
+answer_1 = compute(monkeys.copy(), "root")
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# assume the second operand of 'root' can be computed, and the first one depends on
+# humn, which is the case is my input and the test input
+p1, _, p2 = monkeys["root"]  # type: ignore
+answer_2 = compute(invert(monkeys, "humn", compute(monkeys.copy(), p2)), "humn")
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day22.py

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+import re
+import sys
+from typing import Callable
+
+import numpy as np
+
+VOID, EMPTY, WALL = 0, 1, 2
+TILE_FROM_CHAR = {" ": VOID, ".": EMPTY, "#": WALL}
+
+SCORES = {"E": 0, "S": 1, "W": 2, "N": 3}
+
+
+board_map_s, direction_s = sys.stdin.read().split("\n\n")
+
+# board
+board_lines = board_map_s.splitlines()
+max_line = max(len(line) for line in board_lines)
+board = np.array(
+    [
+        [TILE_FROM_CHAR[c] for c in row] + [VOID] * (max_line - len(row))
+        for row in board_map_s.splitlines()
+    ]
+)
+
+directions = [
+    int(p1) if p2 else p1 for p1, p2 in re.findall(R"(([0-9])+|L|R)", direction_s)
+]
+
+
+# find on each row and column the first and last non-void
+row_first_non_void = np.argmax(board != VOID, axis=1)
+row_last_non_void = board.shape[1] - np.argmax(board[:, ::-1] != VOID, axis=1) - 1
+col_first_non_void = np.argmax(board != VOID, axis=0)
+col_last_non_void = board.shape[0] - np.argmax(board[::-1, :] != VOID, axis=0) - 1
+
+
+faces = np.zeros_like(board)
+size = np.gcd(board.shape[0], board.shape[1])
+for row in range(0, board.shape[0], size):
+    for col in range(row_first_non_void[row], row_last_non_void[row], size):
+        faces[row : row + size, col : col + size] = faces.max() + 1
+
+SIZE = np.gcd(*board.shape)
+
+# TODO: deduce this from the actual cube...
+faces_wrap: dict[int, dict[str, Callable[[int, int], tuple[int, int, str]]]]
+
+if board.shape == (12, 16):  # example
+    faces_wrap = {
+        1: {
+            "W": lambda y, x: (4, 4 + y, "S"),  # 3N
+            "N": lambda y, x: (4, 11 - x, "S"),  # 2N
+            "E": lambda y, x: (11 - y, 15, "W"),  # 6E
+        },
+        2: {
+            "W": lambda y, x: (11, 19 - y, "N"),  # 6S
+            "N": lambda y, x: (0, 11 - y, "S"),  # 1N
+            "S": lambda y, x: (11, 11 - x, "N"),  # 5S
+        },
+        3: {
+            "N": lambda y, x: (x - 4, 8, "E"),  # 1W
+            "S": lambda y, x: (15 - x, 8, "E"),  # 5W
+        },
+        4: {"E": lambda y, x: (8, 19 - y, "S")},  # 6N
+        5: {
+            "W": lambda y, x: (7, 15 - y, "N"),  # 3S
+            "S": lambda y, x: (7, 11 - x, "N"),  # 2S
+        },
+        6: {
+            "N": lambda y, x: (19 - x, 11, "W"),  # 4E
+            "E": lambda y, x: (11 - y, 11, "W"),  # 1E
+            "S": lambda y, x: (19 - x, 0, "E"),  # 2W
+        },
+    }
+
+else:
+    faces_wrap = {
+        1: {
+            "W": lambda y, x: (3 * SIZE - y - 1, 0, "E"),  # 4W
+            "N": lambda y, x: (2 * SIZE + x, 0, "E"),  # 6W
+        },
+        2: {
+            "N": lambda y, x: (4 * SIZE - 1, x - 2 * SIZE, "N"),  # 6S
+            "E": lambda y, x: (3 * SIZE - y - 1, 2 * SIZE - 1, "W"),  # 5E
+            "S": lambda y, x: (x - SIZE, 2 * SIZE - 1, "W"),  # 3E
+        },
+        3: {
+            "W": lambda y, x: (2 * SIZE, y - SIZE, "S"),  # 4N
+            "E": lambda y, x: (SIZE - 1, SIZE + y, "N"),  # 2S
+        },
+        4: {
+            "W": lambda y, x: (3 * SIZE - y - 1, SIZE, "E"),  # 1W
+            "N": lambda y, x: (SIZE + x, SIZE, "E"),  # 3W
+        },
+        5: {
+            "E": lambda y, x: (3 * SIZE - y - 1, 3 * SIZE - 1, "W"),  # 2E
+            "S": lambda y, x: (2 * SIZE + x, SIZE - 1, "W"),  # 6E
+        },
+        6: {
+            "W": lambda y, x: (0, y - 2 * SIZE, "S"),  # 1N
+            "E": lambda y, x: (3 * SIZE - 1, y - 2 * SIZE, "N"),  # 5S
+            "S": lambda y, x: (0, x + 2 * SIZE, "S"),  # 2N
+        },
+    }
+
+
+def wrap_part_1(y0: int, x0: int, r0: str) -> tuple[int, int, str]:
+    if r0 == "E":
+        return y0, row_first_non_void[y0], r0
+    elif r0 == "S":
+        return col_first_non_void[x0], x0, r0
+    elif r0 == "W":
+        return y0, row_last_non_void[y0], r0
+    elif r0 == "N":
+        return col_last_non_void[x0], x0, r0
+
+    assert False
+
+
+def wrap_part_2(y0: int, x0: int, r0: str) -> tuple[int, int, str]:
+    cube = faces[y0, x0]
+    assert r0 in faces_wrap[cube]
+    return faces_wrap[cube][r0](y0, x0)
+
+
+def run(wrap: Callable[[int, int, str], tuple[int, int, str]]) -> tuple[int, int, str]:
+    y0 = 0
+    x0 = np.where(board[0] == EMPTY)[0][0]
+    r0 = "E"
+
+    for direction in directions:
+        if isinstance(direction, int):
+            while direction > 0:
+                if r0 == "E":
+                    xi = np.where(board[y0, x0 + 1 : x0 + direction + 1] == WALL)[0]
+                    if len(xi):
+                        x0 = x0 + xi[0]
+                        direction = 0
+                    elif (
+                        x0 + direction < board.shape[1]
+                        and board[y0, x0 + direction] == EMPTY
+                    ):
+                        x0 = x0 + direction
+                        direction = 0
+                    else:
+                        y0_t, x0_t, r0_t = wrap(y0, x0, r0)
+                        if board[y0_t, x0_t] == WALL:
+                            x0 = row_last_non_void[y0]
+                            direction = 0
+                        else:
+                            direction = direction - (row_last_non_void[y0] - x0) - 1
+                            y0, x0, r0 = y0_t, x0_t, r0_t
+                elif r0 == "S":
+                    yi = np.where(board[y0 + 1 : y0 + direction + 1, x0] == WALL)[0]
+                    if len(yi):
+                        y0 = y0 + yi[0]
+                        direction = 0
+                    elif (
+                        y0 + direction < board.shape[0]
+                        and board[y0 + direction, x0] == EMPTY
+                    ):
+                        y0 = y0 + direction
+                        direction = 0
+                    else:
+                        y0_t, x0_t, r0_t = wrap(y0, x0, r0)
+                        if board[y0_t, x0_t] == WALL:
+                            y0 = col_last_non_void[x0]
+                            direction = 0
+                        else:
+                            direction = direction - (col_last_non_void[x0] - y0) - 1
+                            y0, x0, r0 = y0_t, x0_t, r0_t
+                elif r0 == "W":
+                    left = max(x0 - direction - 1, 0)
+                    xi = np.where(board[y0, left:x0] == WALL)[0]
+                    if len(xi):
+                        x0 = left + xi[-1] + 1
+                        direction = 0
+                    elif x0 - direction >= 0 and board[y0, x0 - direction] == EMPTY:
+                        x0 = x0 - direction
+                        direction = 0
+                    else:
+                        y0_t, x0_t, r0_t = wrap(y0, x0, r0)
+                        if board[y0_t, x0_t] == WALL:
+                            x0 = row_first_non_void[y0]
+                            direction = 0
+                        else:
+                            direction = direction - (x0 - row_first_non_void[y0]) - 1
+                            y0, x0, r0 = y0_t, x0_t, r0_t
+                elif r0 == "N":
+                    top = max(y0 - direction - 1, 0)
+                    yi = np.where(board[top:y0, x0] == WALL)[0]
+                    if len(yi):
+                        y0 = top + yi[-1] + 1
+                        direction = 0
+                    elif y0 - direction >= 0 and board[y0 - direction, x0] == EMPTY:
+                        y0 = y0 - direction
+                        direction = 0
+                    else:
+                        y0_t, x0_t, r0_t = wrap(y0, x0, r0)
+                        if board[y0_t, x0_t] == WALL:
+                            y0 = col_first_non_void[x0]
+                            direction = 0
+                        else:
+                            direction = direction - (y0 - col_first_non_void[x0]) - 1
+                            y0, x0, r0 = y0_t, x0_t, r0_t
+        else:
+            r0 = {
+                "E": {"L": "N", "R": "S"},
+                "N": {"L": "W", "R": "E"},
+                "W": {"L": "S", "R": "N"},
+                "S": {"L": "E", "R": "W"},
+            }[r0][direction]
+
+    return y0, x0, r0
+
+
+y1, x1, r1 = run(wrap_part_1)
+answer_1 = 1000 * (1 + y1) + 4 * (1 + x1) + SCORES[r1]
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+y2, x2, r2 = run(wrap_part_2)
+answer_2 = 1000 * (1 + y2) + 4 * (1 + x2) + SCORES[r2]
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day23.py

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import itertools
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+Directions = list[
+    tuple[
+        str, tuple[int, int], tuple[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]]
+    ]
+]
+
+# (Y, X)
+DIRECTIONS: Directions = [
+    ("N", (-1, 0), ((-1, -1), (-1, 0), (-1, 1))),
+    ("S", (1, 0), ((1, -1), (1, 0), (1, 1))),
+    ("W", (0, -1), ((-1, -1), (0, -1), (1, -1))),
+    ("E", (0, 1), ((-1, 1), (0, 1), (1, 1))),
+]
+
+
+def min_max_yx(positions: set[tuple[int, int]]) -> tuple[int, int, int, int]:
+    ys, xs = {y for y, x in positions}, {x for y, x in positions}
+    return min(ys), min(xs), max(ys), max(xs)
+
+
+def print_positions(positions: set[tuple[int, int]]):
+    min_y, min_x, max_y, max_x = min_max_yx(positions)
+    print(
+        "\n".join(
+            "".join(
+                "#" if (y, x) in positions else "." for x in range(min_x - 1, max_x + 2)
+            )
+            for y in range(min_y - 1, max_y + 2)
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def round(
+    positions: set[tuple[int, int]],
+    directions: Directions,
+):
+    to_move: dict[tuple[int, int], list[tuple[int, int]]] = defaultdict(lambda: [])
+    for y, x in positions:
+        elves = {
+            (dy, dx): (y + dy, x + dx) in positions
+            for dy, dx in itertools.product((-1, 0, 1), (-1, 0, 1))
+            if (dy, dx) != (0, 0)
+        }
+
+        if not any(elves.values()):
+            to_move[y, x].append((y, x))
+            continue
+
+        found: str | None = None
+        for d, (dy, dx), d_yx_check in directions:
+            if not any(elves[dy, dx] for dy, dx in d_yx_check):
+                found = d
+                to_move[y + dy, x + dx].append((y, x))
+                break
+        if found is None:
+            to_move[y, x].append((y, x))
+
+    positions.clear()
+    for ty, tx in to_move:
+        if len(to_move[ty, tx]) > 1:
+            positions.update(to_move[ty, tx])
+        else:
+            positions.add((ty, tx))
+
+    directions.append(directions.pop(0))
+
+
+POSITIONS = {
+    (i, j)
+    for i, row in enumerate(sys.stdin.read().splitlines())
+    for j, col in enumerate(row)
+    if col == "#"
+}
+
+# === part 1 ===
+
+p1, d1 = POSITIONS.copy(), DIRECTIONS.copy()
+for r in range(10):
+    round(p1, d1)
+
+min_y, min_x, max_y, max_x = min_max_yx(p1)
+answer_1 = sum(
+    (y, x) not in p1 for y in range(min_y, max_y + 1) for x in range(min_x, max_x + 1)
+)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# === part 2 ===
+
+p2, d2 = POSITIONS.copy(), DIRECTIONS.copy()
+answer_2 = 0
+while True:
+    answer_2 += 1
+    backup = p2.copy()
+    round(p2, d2)
+
+    if backup == p2:
+        break
+
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day24.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import heapq
+import math
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+winds = {
+    (i - 1, j - 1, lines[i][j])
+    for i in range(1, len(lines) - 1)
+    for j in range(1, len(lines[i]) - 1)
+    if lines[i][j] != "."
+}
+
+n_rows, n_cols = len(lines) - 2, len(lines[0]) - 2
+CYCLE = math.lcm(n_rows, n_cols)
+
+east_winds = [{j for j in range(n_cols) if (i, j, ">") in winds} for i in range(n_rows)]
+west_winds = [{j for j in range(n_cols) if (i, j, "<") in winds} for i in range(n_rows)]
+north_winds = [
+    {i for i in range(n_rows) if (i, j, "^") in winds} for j in range(n_cols)
+]
+south_winds = [
+    {i for i in range(n_rows) if (i, j, "v") in winds} for j in range(n_cols)
+]
+
+
+def run(start: tuple[int, int], start_cycle: int, end: tuple[int, int]):
+    def heuristic(y: int, x: int) -> int:
+        return abs(end[0] - y) + abs(end[1] - x)
+
+    # (distance + heuristic, distance, (start_pos, cycle))
+    queue = [(heuristic(start[0], start[1]), 0, ((start[0], start[1]), start_cycle))]
+    visited: set[tuple[tuple[int, int], int]] = set()
+    distances: dict[tuple[int, int], dict[int, int]] = defaultdict(lambda: {})
+
+    while queue:
+        _, distance, ((y, x), cycle) = heapq.heappop(queue)
+
+        if ((y, x), cycle) in visited:
+            continue
+
+        distances[y, x][cycle] = distance
+
+        visited.add(((y, x), cycle))
+
+        if (y, x) == (end[0], end[1]):
+            break
+
+        for dy, dx in (0, 0), (-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1):
+            ty = y + dy
+            tx = x + dx
+
+            n_cycle = (cycle + 1) % CYCLE
+
+            if (ty, tx) == end:
+                heapq.heappush(queue, (distance + 1, distance + 1, ((ty, tx), n_cycle)))
+                break
+
+            if ((ty, tx), n_cycle) in visited:
+                continue
+
+            if (ty, tx) != start and (ty < 0 or tx < 0 or ty >= n_rows or tx >= n_cols):
+                continue
+
+            if (ty, tx) != start:
+                if (ty - n_cycle) % n_rows in south_winds[tx]:
+                    continue
+                if (ty + n_cycle) % n_rows in north_winds[tx]:
+                    continue
+                if (tx + n_cycle) % n_cols in west_winds[ty]:
+                    continue
+                if (tx - n_cycle) % n_cols in east_winds[ty]:
+                    continue
+
+            heapq.heappush(
+                queue,
+                ((heuristic(ty, tx) + distance + 1, distance + 1, ((ty, tx), n_cycle))),
+            )
+
+    return distances, next(iter(distances[end].values()))
+
+
+start = (
+    -1,
+    next(j for j in range(1, len(lines[0]) - 1) if lines[0][j] == ".") - 1,
+)
+end = (
+    n_rows,
+    next(j for j in range(1, len(lines[-1]) - 1) if lines[-1][j] == ".") - 1,
+)
+
+distances_1, forward_1 = run(start, 0, end)
+print(f"answer 1 is {forward_1}")
+
+distances_2, return_1 = run(end, next(iter(distances_1[end].keys())), start)
+distances_3, forward_2 = run(start, next(iter(distances_2[start].keys())), end)
+print(f"answer 2 is {forward_1 + return_1 + forward_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day25.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import sys
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+coeffs = {"2": 2, "1": 1, "0": 0, "-": -1, "=": -2}
+
+
+def snafu2number(number: str) -> int:
+    value = 0
+    for c in number:
+        value *= 5
+        value += coeffs[c]
+    return value
+
+
+def number2snafu(number: int) -> str:
+    values = ["0", "1", "2", "=", "-"]
+    res = ""
+    while number > 0:
+        mod = number % 5
+        res = res + values[mod]
+        number = number // 5 + int(mod >= 3)
+    return "".join(reversed(res))
+
+
+answer_1 = number2snafu(sum(map(snafu2number, lines)))
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import string
+import sys
+
+lines = [line.strip() for line in sys.stdin.readlines()]
+
+# extract content of each part
+parts = [(set(line[: len(line) // 2]), set(line[len(line) // 2 :])) for line in lines]
+
+# priorities
+priorities = {c: i + 1 for i, c in enumerate(string.ascii_letters)}
+
+# part 1
+part1 = sum(priorities[c] for p1, p2 in parts for c in p1.intersection(p2))
+print(f"answer 1 is {part1}")
+
+# part 2
+n_per_group = 3
+part2 = sum(
+    priorities[c]
+    for i in range(0, len(lines), n_per_group)
+    for c in set(lines[i]).intersection(*lines[i + 1 : i + n_per_group])
+)
+print(f"answer 2 is {part2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day4.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import sys
+
+lines = [line.strip() for line in sys.stdin.readlines()]
+
+
+def make_range(value: str) -> set[int]:
+    parts = value.split("-")
+    return set(range(int(parts[0]), int(parts[1]) + 1))
+
+
+sections = [tuple(make_range(part) for part in line.split(",")) for line in lines]
+
+answer_1 = sum(s1.issubset(s2) or s2.issubset(s1) for s1, s2 in sections)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+answer_2 = sum(bool(s1.intersection(s2)) for s1, s2 in sections)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day5.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import copy
+import sys
+
+blocks_s, moves_s = (part.splitlines() for part in sys.stdin.read().split("\n\n"))
+
+blocks: dict[str, list[str]] = {stack: [] for stack in blocks_s[-1].split()}
+
+# this codes assumes that the lines are regular, i.e., 4 characters per "crate" in the
+# form of '[X] ' (including the trailing space)
+#
+for block in blocks_s[-2::-1]:
+    for stack, index in zip(blocks, range(0, len(block), 4)):
+        crate = block[index + 1 : index + 2].strip()
+
+        if crate:
+            blocks[stack].append(crate)
+
+# part 1 - deep copy for part 2
+blocks_1 = copy.deepcopy(blocks)
+
+for move in moves_s:
+    _, count_s, _, from_, _, to_ = move.strip().split()
+
+    for _i in range(int(count_s)):
+        blocks_1[to_].append(blocks_1[from_].pop())
+
+# part 2
+blocks_2 = copy.deepcopy(blocks)
+
+for move in moves_s:
+    _, count_s, _, from_, _, to_ = move.strip().split()
+    count = int(count_s)
+
+    blocks_2[to_].extend(blocks_2[from_][-count:])
+    del blocks_2[from_][-count:]
+
+answer_1 = "".join(s[-1] for s in blocks_1.values())
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+answer_2 = "".join(s[-1] for s in blocks_2.values())
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day6.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import sys
+
+
+def index_of_first_n_differents(data: str, n: int) -> int:
+    for i in range(len(data)):
+        if len(set(data[i : i + n])) == n:
+            return i + n
+    return -1
+
+
+data = sys.stdin.read().strip()
+
+
+print(f"answer 1 is {index_of_first_n_differents(data, 4)}")
+print(f"answer 2 is {index_of_first_n_differents(data, 14)}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day7.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# we are going to use Path to create path and go up/down in the file tree since it
+# implements everything we need
+#
+# we can use .resolve() to get normalized path, although this will add C:\ to all paths
+# on Windows but that is not an issue since only the sizes matter
+#
+
+# mapping from path to list of files or directories
+trees: dict[Path, list[Path]] = {}
+
+# mapping from paths to either size (for file) or -1 for directory
+sizes: dict[Path, int] = {}
+
+# first line must be a cd otherwise we have no idea where we are
+assert lines[0].startswith("$ cd")
+base_path = Path(lines[0].strip("$").split()[1]).resolve()
+cur_path = base_path
+
+trees[cur_path] = []
+sizes[cur_path] = -1
+
+for line in lines[1:]:
+    # command
+    if line.startswith("$"):
+        parts = line.strip("$").strip().split()
+        command = parts[0]
+
+        if command == "cd":
+            cur_path = cur_path.joinpath(parts[1]).resolve()
+
+            # just initialize the lis of files if not already done
+            if cur_path not in trees:
+                trees[cur_path] = []
+        else:
+            # nothing to do here
+            pass
+
+    # fill the current path
+    else:
+        parts = line.split()
+        name: str = parts[1]
+        if line.startswith("dir"):
+            size = -1
+        else:
+            size = int(parts[0])
+
+        path = cur_path.joinpath(name)
+        trees[cur_path].append(path)
+        sizes[path] = size
+
+
+def compute_size(path: Path) -> int:
+    size = sizes[path]
+
+    if size >= 0:
+        return size
+
+    return sum(compute_size(sub) for sub in trees[path])
+
+
+acc_sizes = {path: compute_size(path) for path in trees}
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = sum(size for size in acc_sizes.values() if size <= 100_000)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+total_space = 70_000_000
+update_space = 30_000_000
+free_space = total_space - acc_sizes[base_path]
+
+to_free_space = update_space - free_space
+
+answer_2 = min(size for size in acc_sizes.values() if size >= to_free_space)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day8.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import sys
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.typing import NDArray
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+trees = np.array([[int(x) for x in row] for row in lines])
+
+# answer 1
+highest_trees = np.ones(trees.shape + (4,), dtype=int) * -1
+highest_trees[1:-1, 1:-1] = [
+    [
+        [
+            trees[:i, j].max(),
+            trees[i + 1 :, j].max(),
+            trees[i, :j].max(),
+            trees[i, j + 1 :].max(),
+        ]
+        for j in range(1, trees.shape[1] - 1)
+    ]
+    for i in range(1, trees.shape[0] - 1)
+]
+
+answer_1 = (highest_trees.min(axis=2) < trees).sum()
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+
+def viewing_distance(row_of_trees: NDArray[np.int_], value: int) -> int:
+    w = np.where(row_of_trees >= value)[0]
+
+    if not w.size:
+        return len(row_of_trees)
+
+    return w[0] + 1
+
+
+# answer 2
+v_distances = np.zeros(trees.shape + (4,), dtype=int)
+v_distances[1:-1, 1:-1, :] = [
+    [
+        [
+            viewing_distance(trees[i - 1 :: -1, j], trees[i, j]),
+            viewing_distance(trees[i, j - 1 :: -1], trees[i, j]),
+            viewing_distance(trees[i, j + 1 :], trees[i, j]),
+            viewing_distance(trees[i + 1 :, j], trees[i, j]),
+        ]
+        for j in range(1, trees.shape[1] - 1)
+    ]
+    for i in range(1, trees.shape[0] - 1)
+]
+answer_2 = np.prod(v_distances, axis=2).max()
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2022/day9.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import sys
+
+import numpy as np
+
+
+def move(head: tuple[int, int], command: str) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    h_col, h_row = head
+
+    if command == "L":
+        head = (h_col - 1, h_row)
+    elif command == "R":
+        head = (h_col + 1, h_row)
+    elif command == "U":
+        head = (h_col, h_row + 1)
+    elif command == "D":
+        head = (h_col, h_row - 1)
+
+    return head
+
+
+def follow(head: tuple[int, int], tail: tuple[int, int]) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    h_col, h_row = head
+    t_col, t_row = tail
+
+    if abs(t_col - h_col) <= 1 and abs(t_row - h_row) <= 1:
+        return tail
+
+    return t_col + np.sign(h_col - t_col), t_row + np.sign(h_row - t_row)
+
+
+def run(commands: list[str], n_blocks: int) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+    blocks: list[tuple[int, int]] = [(0, 0) for _ in range(n_blocks)]
+    visited = [blocks[-1]]
+
+    for command in commands:
+        blocks[0] = move(blocks[0], command)
+
+        for i in range(0, n_blocks - 1):
+            blocks[i + 1] = follow(blocks[i], blocks[i + 1])
+
+        visited.append(blocks[-1])
+
+    return visited
+
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# flatten the commands
+commands: list[str] = []
+for line in lines:
+    d, c = line.split()
+    commands.extend(d * int(c))
+
+
+visited_1 = run(commands, n_blocks=2)
+print(f"answer 1 is {len(set(visited_1))}")
+
+visited_2 = run(commands, n_blocks=10)
+print(f"answer 2 is {len(set(visited_2))}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import sys
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+lookups_1 = {str(d): d for d in range(1, 10)}
+lookups_2 = lookups_1 | {
+    d: i + 1
+    for i, d in enumerate(
+        (
+            "one",
+            "two",
+            "three",
+            "four",
+            "five",
+            "six",
+            "seven",
+            "eight",
+            "nine",
+        )
+    )
+}
+
+
+def find_values(lookups: dict[str, int]) -> list[int]:
+    values: list[int] = []
+
+    for line in filter(bool, lines):
+        first_digit = min(
+            lookups,
+            key=lambda lookup: index
+            if (index := line.find(lookup)) >= 0
+            else len(line),
+        )
+        last_digit = max(
+            lookups,
+            key=lambda lookup: index if (index := line.rfind(lookup)) >= 0 else -1,
+        )
+
+        values.append(10 * lookups[first_digit] + lookups[last_digit])
+
+    return values
+
+
+print(f"answer 1 is {sum(find_values(lookups_1))}")
+print(f"answer 2 is {sum(find_values(lookups_2))}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day10.py

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import Literal, cast
+
+VERBOSE = os.getenv("AOC_VERBOSE") == "True"
+
+Symbol = Literal["|", "-", "L", "J", "7", "F", ".", "S"]
+
+lines: list[list[Symbol]] = [
+    [cast(Symbol, symbol) for symbol in line] for line in sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+]
+
+# find starting point
+si, sj = next(
+    (i, j)
+    for i in range(len(lines))
+    for j in range(len(lines[0]))
+    if lines[i][j] == "S"
+)
+
+# find one of the two outputs
+ni, nj = si, sj
+for ni, nj, chars in (
+    (si - 1, sj, "|7F"),
+    (si + 1, sj, "|LJ"),
+    (si, sj - 1, "-LF"),
+    (si, sj + 1, "-J7"),
+):
+    if lines[ni][nj] in chars:
+        break
+
+# part 1 - find the loop (re-used in part 2)
+loop = [(si, sj), (ni, nj)]
+while True:
+    pi, pj = loop[-2]
+    i, j = loop[-1]
+
+    sym = lines[i][j]
+
+    if sym == "|" and pi > i or sym in "JL" and pi == i:
+        i -= 1
+    elif sym == "|" and pi < i or sym in "7F" and pi == i:
+        i += 1
+    elif sym == "-" and pj > j or sym in "J7" and pj == j:
+        j -= 1
+    elif sym == "-" and pj < j or sym in "LF" and pj == j:
+        j += 1
+
+    if (i, j) == (si, sj):
+        break
+
+    loop.append((i, j))
+
+answer_1 = len(loop) // 2
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+
+# replace S by an appropriate character for the loop below
+di1, dj1 = loop[1][0] - loop[0][0], loop[1][1] - loop[0][1]
+di2, dj2 = loop[0][0] - loop[-1][0], loop[0][1] - loop[-1][1]
+mapping: dict[tuple[int, int], dict[tuple[int, int], Symbol]] = {
+    (0, 1): {(0, 1): "-", (-1, 0): "F", (1, 0): "L"},
+    (0, -1): {(0, -1): "-", (-1, 0): "7", (1, 0): "J"},
+    (1, 0): {(1, 0): "|", (0, 1): "7", (0, -1): "F"},
+    (-1, 0): {(-1, 0): "|", (0, -1): "L", (0, 1): "J"},
+}
+lines[si][sj] = mapping[di1, dj1][di2, dj2]
+
+# find the points inside the loop using an adaptation of ray casting for a discrete
+# grid (https://stackoverflow.com/a/218081/2666289)
+#
+# use a set for faster '... in loop' check
+#
+loop_s = set(loop)
+inside: set[tuple[int, int]] = set()
+for i in range(len(lines)):
+    cnt = 0
+    for j in range(len(lines[0])):
+        if (i, j) not in loop_s and cnt % 2 == 1:
+            inside.add((i, j))
+
+        if (i, j) in loop_s and lines[i][j] in "|LJ":
+            cnt += 1
+
+if VERBOSE:
+    for i in range(len(lines)):
+        for j in range(len(lines[0])):
+            if (i, j) == (si, sj):
+                print("\033[91mS\033[0m", end="")
+            elif (i, j) in loop:
+                print(lines[i][j], end="")
+            elif (i, j) in inside:
+                print("\033[92mI\033[0m", end="")
+            else:
+                print(".", end="")
+        print()
+
+answer_2 = len(inside)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day11.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import sys
+
+import numpy as np
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+data = np.array([[c == "#" for c in line] for line in lines])
+
+rows = {c for c in range(data.shape[0]) if not data[c, :].any()}
+columns = {c for c in range(data.shape[1]) if not data[:, c].any()}
+
+galaxies_y, galaxies_x = np.where(data)  # type: ignore
+
+
+def compute_total_distance(expansion: int) -> int:
+    distances: list[int] = []
+    for g1 in range(len(galaxies_y)):
+        x1, y1 = int(galaxies_x[g1]), int(galaxies_y[g1])
+        for g2 in range(g1 + 1, len(galaxies_y)):
+            x2, y2 = int(galaxies_x[g2]), int(galaxies_y[g2])
+
+            dx = sum(
+                1 + (expansion - 1) * (x in columns)
+                for x in range(min(x1, x2), max(x1, x2))
+            )
+            dy = sum(
+                1 + (expansion - 1) * (y in rows)
+                for y in range(min(y1, y2), max(y1, y2))
+            )
+
+            distances.append(dx + dy)
+    return sum(distances)
+
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = compute_total_distance(2)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = compute_total_distance(1000000)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day12.py

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import os
+import sys
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Iterable
+
+VERBOSE = os.getenv("AOC_VERBOSE") == "True"
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def compute_fitting_arrangements(pattern: str, counts: tuple[int, ...]) -> int:
+    """
+    fn3p tries to fit ALL values in counts() inside the pattern.
+    """
+    # no pattern -> ok if nothing to fit, otherwise ko
+    if not pattern:
+        count = 1 if not counts else 0
+
+    # no count -> ok if pattern has no mandatory entry, else ko
+    elif not counts:
+        count = 1 if pattern.find("#") == -1 else 0
+
+    # cannot fit all values -> ko
+    elif len(pattern) < sum(counts) + len(counts) - 1:
+        count = 0
+
+    elif len(pattern) < counts[0]:
+        count = 0
+
+    else:
+        count = 0
+
+        if pattern[0] == "?":
+            count += compute_fitting_arrangements(pattern[1:], counts)
+
+        if len(pattern) == counts[0]:
+            count += 1
+
+        elif pattern[counts[0]] != "#":
+            count += compute_fitting_arrangements(pattern[counts[0] + 1 :], counts[1:])
+
+    return count
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def compute_possible_arrangements(
+    patterns: tuple[str, ...], counts: tuple[int, ...]
+) -> int:
+    if not patterns:
+        return 1 if not counts else 0
+
+    with_hash = sum(1 for p in patterns[1:] if p.find("#") >= 0)
+
+    if with_hash > len(counts):
+        return 0
+
+    to_fit = counts if with_hash == 0 else counts[:-with_hash]
+    remaining = () if with_hash == 0 else counts[-with_hash:]
+
+    if not to_fit:
+        if patterns[0].find("#") != -1:
+            return 0
+        return compute_possible_arrangements(patterns[1:], remaining)
+
+    elif patterns[0].find("#") != -1 and len(patterns[0]) < to_fit[0]:
+        return 0
+
+    elif patterns[0].find("?") == -1:
+        if len(patterns[0]) != to_fit[0]:
+            return 0
+        return compute_possible_arrangements(patterns[1:], counts[1:])
+
+    else:
+        return sum(
+            fp * compute_possible_arrangements(patterns[1:], to_fit[i:] + remaining)
+            for i in range(len(to_fit) + 1)
+            if (fp := compute_fitting_arrangements(patterns[0], to_fit[:i])) > 0
+        )
+
+
+def compute_all_possible_arrangements(lines: Iterable[str], repeat: int) -> int:
+    count = 0
+
+    if VERBOSE:
+        from tqdm import tqdm
+
+        lines = tqdm(lines)
+
+    for line in lines:
+        parts = line.split(" ")
+        count += compute_possible_arrangements(
+            tuple(filter(len, "?".join(parts[0] for _ in range(repeat)).split("."))),
+            tuple(int(c) for c in parts[1].split(",")) * repeat,
+        )
+
+    return count
+
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = compute_all_possible_arrangements(lines, 1)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = compute_all_possible_arrangements(lines, 5)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day13.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Callable, Literal
+
+
+def split(block: list[str], axis: Literal[0, 1], count: int) -> int:
+    n_iter = len(block) if axis == 0 else len(block[0])
+    n_check = len(block) if axis == 1 else len(block[0])
+
+    at: Callable[[int, int], str] = (
+        (lambda i, j: block[i][j]) if axis == 0 else (lambda i, j: block[j][i])
+    )
+
+    for i in range(n_iter - 1):
+        size = min(i + 1, n_iter - i - 1)
+        if (
+            sum(
+                at(i - s, j) != at(i + 1 + s, j)
+                for s in range(0, size)
+                for j in range(n_check)
+            )
+            == count
+        ):
+            return i + 1
+
+    return 0
+
+
+blocks = [block.splitlines() for block in sys.stdin.read().split("\n\n")]
+
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = sum(
+    split(block, axis=1, count=0) + 100 * split(block, axis=0, count=0)
+    for block in blocks
+)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = sum(
+    split(block, axis=1, count=1) + 100 * split(block, axis=0, count=1)
+    for block in blocks
+)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day14.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import sys
+from typing import TypeAlias
+
+RockGrid: TypeAlias = list[list[str]]
+
+rocks0 = [list(line) for line in sys.stdin.read().splitlines()]
+
+
+def slide_rocks_top(rocks: RockGrid) -> RockGrid:
+    top = [0 if c == "." else 1 for c in rocks[0]]
+    for row in range(1, len(rocks)):
+        for col in range(len(rocks[0])):
+            match rocks[row][col]:
+                case "O":
+                    if top[col] != row:
+                        rocks[top[col]][col] = "O"
+                        rocks[row][col] = "."
+                    top[col] = top[col] + 1
+                case "#":
+                    top[col] = row + 1
+                case _:
+                    pass
+    return rocks
+
+
+def cycle(rocks: RockGrid) -> RockGrid:
+    for _ in range(4):
+        rocks = slide_rocks_top(rocks)
+        rocks = [
+            [rocks[len(rocks) - j - 1][i] for j in range(len(rocks))]
+            for i in range(len(rocks[0]))
+        ]
+
+    return rocks
+
+
+rocks = slide_rocks_top([[c for c in r] for r in rocks0])
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = sum(
+    (len(rocks) - i) * sum(1 for c in row if c == "O") for i, row in enumerate(rocks)
+)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+rocks = rocks0
+
+N = 1000000000
+cycles: list[RockGrid] = []
+i_cycle: int = -1
+for i_cycle in range(N):
+    rocks = cycle(rocks)
+
+    if any(rocks == c for c in cycles):
+        break
+
+    cycles.append([[c for c in r] for r in rocks])
+
+cycle_start = next(i for i in range(len(cycles)) if (rocks == cycles[i]))
+cycle_length = i_cycle - cycle_start
+
+ci = cycle_start + (N - cycle_start) % cycle_length - 1
+
+answer_2 = sum(
+    (len(rocks) - i) * sum(1 for c in row if c == "O")
+    for i, row in enumerate(cycles[ci])
+)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day15.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import sys
+from functools import reduce
+
+steps = sys.stdin.read().strip().split(",")
+
+
+def _hash(s: str) -> int:
+    return reduce(lambda v, u: ((v + ord(u)) * 17) % 256, s, 0)
+
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = sum(map(_hash, steps))
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+boxes: list[dict[str, int]] = [{} for _ in range(256)]
+
+for step in steps:
+    if (i := step.find("=")) >= 0:
+        label, length = step[:i], int(step[i + 1 :])
+        boxes[_hash(label)][label] = length
+    else:
+        label = step[:-1]
+        boxes[_hash(label)].pop(label, None)
+
+answer_2 = sum(
+    i_box * i_lens * length
+    for i_box, box in enumerate(boxes, start=1)
+    for i_lens, length in enumerate(box.values(), start=1)
+)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day16.py

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import Literal, TypeAlias, cast
+
+VERBOSE = os.getenv("AOC_VERBOSE") == "True"
+
+CellType: TypeAlias = Literal[".", "|", "-", "\\", "/"]
+Direction: TypeAlias = Literal["R", "L", "U", "D"]
+
+Mappings: dict[
+    CellType,
+    dict[
+        Direction,
+        tuple[tuple[tuple[int, int, Direction], ...], tuple[Direction, ...]],
+    ],
+] = {
+    ".": {
+        "R": (((0, +1, "R"),), ("R", "L")),
+        "L": (((0, -1, "L"),), ("R", "L")),
+        "U": (((-1, 0, "U"),), ("U", "D")),
+        "D": (((+1, 0, "D"),), ("U", "D")),
+    },
+    "-": {
+        "R": (((0, +1, "R"),), ("R", "L")),
+        "L": (((0, -1, "L"),), ("R", "L")),
+        "U": (((0, +1, "R"), (0, -1, "L")), ("U", "D")),
+        "D": (((0, +1, "R"), (0, -1, "L")), ("U", "D")),
+    },
+    "|": {
+        "U": (((-1, 0, "U"),), ("U", "D")),
+        "D": (((+1, 0, "D"),), ("U", "D")),
+        "R": (((-1, 0, "U"), (+1, 0, "D")), ("R", "L")),
+        "L": (((-1, 0, "U"), (+1, 0, "D")), ("R", "L")),
+    },
+    "/": {
+        "R": (((-1, 0, "U"),), ("R", "D")),
+        "L": (((+1, 0, "D"),), ("L", "U")),
+        "U": (((0, +1, "R"),), ("U", "L")),
+        "D": (((0, -1, "L"),), ("R", "D")),
+    },
+    "\\": {
+        "R": (((+1, 0, "D"),), ("R", "U")),
+        "L": (((-1, 0, "U"),), ("L", "D")),
+        "U": (((0, -1, "L"),), ("U", "R")),
+        "D": (((0, +1, "R"),), ("L", "D")),
+    },
+}
+
+
+def propagate(
+    layout: list[list[CellType]], start: tuple[int, int], direction: Direction
+) -> list[list[tuple[Direction, ...]]]:
+    n_rows, n_cols = len(layout), len(layout[0])
+
+    beams: list[list[tuple[Direction, ...]]] = [
+        [() for _ in range(len(layout[0]))] for _ in range(len(layout))
+    ]
+
+    queue = [(start, direction)]
+
+    while queue:
+        (row, col), direction = queue.pop()
+
+        if (
+            row not in range(0, n_rows)
+            or col not in range(0, n_cols)
+            or direction in beams[row][col]
+        ):
+            continue
+
+        moves, update = Mappings[layout[row][col]][direction]
+
+        beams[row][col] += update
+
+        for move in moves:
+            queue.append(((row + move[0], col + move[1]), move[2]))
+
+    return beams
+
+
+layout: list[list[CellType]] = [
+    [cast(CellType, col) for col in row] for row in sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+]
+
+
+beams = propagate(layout, (0, 0), "R")
+
+if VERBOSE:
+    print("\n".join(["".join("#" if col else "." for col in row) for row in beams]))
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = sum(sum(map(bool, row)) for row in beams)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+n_rows, n_cols = len(layout), len(layout[0])
+cases: list[tuple[tuple[int, int], Direction]] = []
+
+for row in range(n_rows):
+    cases.append(((row, 0), "R"))
+    cases.append(((row, n_cols - 1), "L"))
+for col in range(n_cols):
+    cases.append(((0, col), "D"))
+    cases.append(((n_rows - 1, col), "U"))
+
+answer_2 = max(
+    sum(sum(map(bool, row)) for row in propagate(layout, start, direction))
+    for start, direction in cases
+)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day17.py

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import heapq
+import os
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Literal, TypeAlias
+
+VERBOSE = os.getenv("AOC_VERBOSE") == "True"
+
+Direction: TypeAlias = Literal[">", "<", "^", "v"]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
+class Label:
+    row: int
+    col: int
+
+    direction: Direction
+    count: int
+
+    parent: Label | None = None
+
+
+# mappings from direction to row shift / col shift / opposite direction
+MAPPINGS: dict[Direction, tuple[int, int, Direction]] = {
+    ">": (0, +1, "<"),
+    "<": (0, -1, ">"),
+    "v": (+1, 0, "^"),
+    "^": (-1, 0, "v"),
+}
+
+
+def print_shortest_path(
+    grid: list[list[int]],
+    target: tuple[int, int],
+    per_cell: dict[tuple[int, int], list[tuple[Label, int]]],
+):
+    assert len(per_cell[target]) == 1
+    label = per_cell[target][0][0]
+
+    path: list[Label] = []
+    while True:
+        path.insert(0, label)
+        if label.parent is None:
+            break
+        label = label.parent
+
+    p_grid = [[str(c) for c in r] for r in grid]
+
+    for i in range(len(grid)):
+        for j in range(len(grid[0])):
+            if per_cell[i, j]:
+                p_grid[i][j] = f"\033[94m{grid[i][j]}\033[0m"
+
+    prev_label = path[0]
+    for label in path[1:]:
+        for r in range(
+            min(prev_label.row, label.row), max(prev_label.row, label.row) + 1
+        ):
+            for c in range(
+                min(prev_label.col, label.col),
+                max(prev_label.col, label.col) + 1,
+            ):
+                if (r, c) != (prev_label.row, prev_label.col):
+                    p_grid[r][c] = f"\033[93m{grid[r][c]}\033[0m"
+
+        p_grid[label.row][label.col] = f"\033[91m{grid[label.row][label.col]}\033[0m"
+
+        prev_label = label
+
+    p_grid[0][0] = f"\033[92m{grid[0][0]}\033[0m"
+
+    print("\n".join("".join(row) for row in p_grid))
+
+
+def shortest_many_paths(grid: list[list[int]]) -> dict[tuple[int, int], int]:
+    n_rows, n_cols = len(grid), len(grid[0])
+
+    visited: dict[tuple[int, int], tuple[Label, int]] = {}
+
+    queue: list[tuple[int, Label]] = [
+        (0, Label(row=n_rows - 1, col=n_cols - 1, direction="^", count=0))
+    ]
+
+    while queue and len(visited) != n_rows * n_cols:
+        distance, label = heapq.heappop(queue)
+
+        if (label.row, label.col) in visited:
+            continue
+
+        visited[label.row, label.col] = (label, distance)
+
+        for direction, (c_row, c_col, i_direction) in MAPPINGS.items():
+            if label.direction == i_direction:
+                continue
+            else:
+                row, col = (label.row + c_row, label.col + c_col)
+
+            # exclude labels outside the grid or with too many moves in the same
+            # direction
+            if row not in range(0, n_rows) or col not in range(0, n_cols):
+                continue
+
+            heapq.heappush(
+                queue,
+                (
+                    distance
+                    + sum(
+                        grid[r][c]
+                        for r in range(min(row, label.row), max(row, label.row) + 1)
+                        for c in range(min(col, label.col), max(col, label.col) + 1)
+                    )
+                    - grid[row][col],
+                    Label(
+                        row=row,
+                        col=col,
+                        direction=direction,
+                        count=0,
+                        parent=label,
+                    ),
+                ),
+            )
+
+    return {(r, c): visited[r, c][1] for r in range(n_rows) for c in range(n_cols)}
+
+
+def shortest_path(
+    grid: list[list[int]],
+    min_straight: int,
+    max_straight: int,
+    lower_bounds: dict[tuple[int, int], int],
+) -> int:
+    n_rows, n_cols = len(grid), len(grid[0])
+
+    target = (len(grid) - 1, len(grid[0]) - 1)
+
+    # for each tuple (row, col, direction, count), the associated label when visited
+    visited: dict[tuple[int, int, str, int], Label] = {}
+
+    # list of all visited labels for a cell (with associated distance)
+    per_cell: dict[tuple[int, int], list[tuple[Label, int]]] = defaultdict(list)
+
+    # need to add two start labels, otherwise one of the two possible direction will
+    # not be possible
+    queue: list[tuple[int, int, Label]] = [
+        (lower_bounds[0, 0], 0, Label(row=0, col=0, direction="^", count=0)),
+        (lower_bounds[0, 0], 0, Label(row=0, col=0, direction="<", count=0)),
+    ]
+
+    while queue:
+        _, distance, label = heapq.heappop(queue)
+
+        if (label.row, label.col, label.direction, label.count) in visited:
+            continue
+
+        visited[label.row, label.col, label.direction, label.count] = label
+        per_cell[label.row, label.col].append((label, distance))
+
+        if (label.row, label.col) == target:
+            break
+
+        for direction, (c_row, c_col, i_direction) in MAPPINGS.items():
+            # cannot move in the opposite direction
+            if label.direction == i_direction:
+                continue
+
+            # other direction, move 'min_straight' in the new direction
+            elif label.direction != direction:
+                row, col, count = (
+                    label.row + min_straight * c_row,
+                    label.col + min_straight * c_col,
+                    min_straight,
+                )
+
+            # same direction, too many count
+            elif label.count == max_straight:
+                continue
+
+            # same direction, keep going and increment count
+            else:
+                row, col, count = (
+                    label.row + c_row,
+                    label.col + c_col,
+                    label.count + 1,
+                )
+            # exclude labels outside the grid or with too many moves in the same
+            # direction
+            if row not in range(0, n_rows) or col not in range(0, n_cols):
+                continue
+
+            distance_to = (
+                distance
+                + sum(
+                    grid[r][c]
+                    for r in range(min(row, label.row), max(row, label.row) + 1)
+                    for c in range(min(col, label.col), max(col, label.col) + 1)
+                )
+                - grid[label.row][label.col]
+            )
+
+            heapq.heappush(
+                queue,
+                (
+                    distance_to + lower_bounds[row, col],
+                    distance_to,
+                    Label(
+                        row=row,
+                        col=col,
+                        direction=direction,
+                        count=count,
+                        parent=label,
+                    ),
+                ),
+            )
+
+    if VERBOSE:
+        print_shortest_path(grid, target, per_cell)
+
+    return per_cell[target][0][1]
+
+
+data = [[int(c) for c in r] for r in sys.stdin.read().splitlines()]
+estimates = shortest_many_paths(data)
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = shortest_path(data, 1, 3, lower_bounds=estimates)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = shortest_path(data, 4, 10, lower_bounds=estimates)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day18.py

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Literal, TypeAlias, cast
+
+Direction: TypeAlias = Literal["R", "L", "U", "D"]
+
+DIRECTIONS: list[Direction] = ["R", "D", "L", "U"]
+MOVES: dict[Direction, tuple[int, int]] = {
+    "R": (0, +1),
+    "L": (0, -1),
+    "U": (-1, 0),
+    "D": (+1, 0),
+}
+
+
+def area(corners: list[tuple[int, int]], perimeter: int) -> int:
+    area = abs(
+        sum(c0[0] * c1[1] - c0[1] * c1[0] for c0, c1 in zip(corners, corners[1::])) // 2
+    )
+    return 1 + area - perimeter // 2 + perimeter
+
+
+def polygon(values: list[tuple[Direction, int]]) -> tuple[list[tuple[int, int]], int]:
+    perimeter = 0
+    corners: list[tuple[int, int]] = [(0, 0)]
+    for direction, amount in values:
+        perimeter += amount
+        corners.append(
+            (
+                corners[-1][0] + amount * MOVES[direction][0],
+                corners[-1][1] + amount * MOVES[direction][1],
+            )
+        )
+    return corners, perimeter
+
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = area(
+    *polygon([(cast(Direction, (p := line.split())[0]), int(p[1])) for line in lines])
+)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = area(
+    *polygon(
+        [
+            (DIRECTIONS[int((h := line.split()[-1])[-2])], int(h[2:-2], 16))
+            for line in lines
+        ]
+    )
+)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day19.py

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import logging
+import operator
+import os
+import sys
+from math import prod
+from typing import Literal, TypeAlias, cast
+
+VERBOSE = os.getenv("AOC_VERBOSE") == "True"
+
+logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO if VERBOSE else logging.WARNING)
+
+Category: TypeAlias = Literal["x", "m", "a", "s"]
+Part: TypeAlias = dict[Category, int]
+PartWithBounds: TypeAlias = dict[Category, tuple[int, int]]
+
+OPERATORS = {"<": operator.lt, ">": operator.gt}
+
+# None if there is no check (last entry), otherwise (category, sense, value)
+Check: TypeAlias = tuple[Category, Literal["<", ">"], int] | None
+
+# workflow as a list of check, in specified order, with target
+Workflow: TypeAlias = list[tuple[Check, str]]
+
+
+def accept(workflows: dict[str, Workflow], part: Part) -> bool:
+    workflow = "in"
+    decision: bool | None = None
+
+    while decision is None:
+        for check, target in workflows[workflow]:
+            ok = check is None
+            if check is not None:
+                category, sense, value = check
+                ok = OPERATORS[sense](part[category], value)
+
+            if ok:
+                if target in workflows:
+                    workflow = target
+                else:
+                    decision = target == "A"
+                break
+
+    return decision
+
+
+def propagate(workflows: dict[str, Workflow], start: PartWithBounds) -> int:
+    def transfer_or_accept(
+        target: str, meta: PartWithBounds, queue: list[tuple[PartWithBounds, str]]
+    ) -> int:
+        if target in workflows:
+            logging.info(f"  transfer to {target}")
+            queue.append((meta, target))
+            return 0
+        elif target == "A":
+            logging.info("  accepted")
+            return prod((high - low + 1) for low, high in meta.values())
+        else:
+            logging.info("  rejected")
+            return 0
+
+    accepted = 0
+    queue: list[tuple[PartWithBounds, str]] = [(start, "in")]
+
+    while queue:
+        meta, workflow = queue.pop()
+        logging.info(f"{workflow}: {meta}")
+        for check, target in workflows[workflow]:
+            if check is None:
+                accepted += transfer_or_accept(target, meta, queue)
+                continue
+
+            category, sense, value = check
+            bounds, op = meta[category], OPERATORS[sense]
+
+            logging.info(f"  splitting {meta} into {category} {sense} {value}")
+
+            if not op(bounds[0], value) and not op(bounds[1], value):
+                logging.info("  reject, always false")
+                continue
+
+            if op(meta[category][0], value) and op(meta[category][1], value):
+                logging.info("  accept, always true")
+                accepted += transfer_or_accept(target, meta, queue)
+                break
+
+            meta2 = meta.copy()
+            if sense == "<":
+                meta2[category] = (meta[category][0], value - 1)
+                meta[category] = (value, meta[category][1])
+            else:
+                meta2[category] = (value + 1, meta[category][1])
+                meta[category] = (meta[category][0], value)
+            logging.info(f"  split {meta2} ({target}), {meta}")
+
+            accepted += transfer_or_accept(target, meta2, queue)
+
+    return accepted
+
+
+workflows_s, parts_s = sys.stdin.read().strip().split("\n\n")
+
+workflows: dict[str, Workflow] = {}
+for workflow_s in workflows_s.split("\n"):
+    name, block_s = workflow_s.split("{")
+    workflows[name] = []
+
+    for block in block_s[:-1].split(","):
+        check: Check
+        if (i := block.find(":")) >= 0:
+            check, target = (
+                cast(Category, block[0]),
+                cast(Literal["<", ">"], block[1]),
+                int(block[2:i]),
+            ), block[i + 1 :]
+        else:
+            check, target = None, block
+        workflows[name].append((check, target))
+
+# part 1
+parts: list[Part] = [
+    {cast(Category, s[0]): int(s[2:]) for s in part_s[1:-1].split(",")}
+    for part_s in parts_s.split("\n")
+]
+answer_1 = sum(sum(part.values()) for part in parts if accept(workflows, part))
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = propagate(
+    workflows, {cast(Category, c): (1, 4000) for c in ["x", "m", "a", "s"]}
+)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import math
+import sys
+from typing import Literal, TypeAlias, cast
+
+CubeType: TypeAlias = Literal["red", "blue", "green"]
+
+MAX_CUBES: dict[CubeType, int] = {"red": 12, "green": 13, "blue": 14}
+
+# parse games
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+games: dict[int, list[dict[CubeType, int]]] = {}
+for line in filter(bool, lines):
+    id_part, sets_part = line.split(":")
+
+    games[int(id_part.split(" ")[-1])] = [
+        {
+            cast(CubeType, s[1]): int(s[0])
+            for cube_draw in cube_set_s.strip().split(", ")
+            if (s := cube_draw.split(" "))
+        }
+        for cube_set_s in sets_part.strip().split(";")
+    ]
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = sum(
+    id
+    for id, set_of_cubes in games.items()
+    if all(
+        n_cubes <= MAX_CUBES[cube]
+        for cube_set in set_of_cubes
+        for cube, n_cubes in cube_set.items()
+    )
+)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = sum(
+    math.prod(
+        max(cube_set.get(cube, 0) for cube_set in set_of_cubes) for cube in MAX_CUBES
+    )
+    for set_of_cubes in games.values()
+)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day20.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day21.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day22.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day23.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day24.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day25.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = ...
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = ...
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import string
+import sys
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+NOT_A_SYMBOL = "." + string.digits
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+values: list[int] = []
+gears: dict[tuple[int, int], list[int]] = defaultdict(list)
+
+for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+    j = 0
+    while j < len(line):
+        # skip everything until a digit is found (start of a number)
+        if line[j] not in string.digits:
+            j += 1
+            continue
+
+        # extract the range of the number and its value
+        k = j + 1
+        while k < len(line) and line[k] in string.digits:
+            k += 1
+
+        value = int(line[j:k])
+
+        # lookup around the number if there is a symbol - we go through the number
+        # itself but that should not matter since it only contains digits
+        found = False
+        for i2 in range(max(0, i - 1), min(i + 1, len(lines) - 1) + 1):
+            for j2 in range(max(0, j - 1), min(k, len(line) - 1) + 1):
+                assert i2 >= 0 and i2 < len(lines)
+                assert j2 >= 0 and j2 < len(line)
+
+                if lines[i2][j2] not in NOT_A_SYMBOL:
+                    found = True
+
+                    if lines[i2][j2] == "*":
+                        gears[i2, j2].append(value)
+
+        if found:
+            values.append(value)
+
+        # continue starting from the end of the number
+        j = k
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = sum(values)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = sum(v1 * v2 for v1, v2 in filter(lambda vs: len(vs) == 2, gears.values()))
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day4.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Card:
+    id: int
+    numbers: list[int]
+    values: list[int]
+
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+cards: list[Card] = []
+for line in lines:
+    id_part, e_part = line.split(":")
+    numbers_s, values_s = e_part.split("|")
+    cards.append(
+        Card(
+            id=int(id_part.split()[1]),
+            numbers=[int(v.strip()) for v in numbers_s.strip().split()],
+            values=[int(v.strip()) for v in values_s.strip().split()],
+        )
+    )
+
+winnings = [sum(1 for n in card.values if n in card.numbers) for card in cards]
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = sum(2 ** (winning - 1) for winning in winnings if winning > 0)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+card2cards = {i: list(range(i + 1, i + w + 1)) for i, w in enumerate(winnings)}
+card2values = {i: 0 for i in range(len(cards))}
+
+for i in range(len(cards)):
+    card2values[i] += 1
+    for j in card2cards[i]:
+        card2values[j] += card2values[i]
+
+print(f"answer 2 is {sum(card2values.values())}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day5.py

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import sys
+from typing import Sequence
+
+MAP_ORDER = [
+    "seed",
+    "soil",
+    "fertilizer",
+    "water",
+    "light",
+    "temperature",
+    "humidity",
+    "location",
+]
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# mappings from one category to another, each list contains
+# ranges stored as (source, target, length), ordered by start and
+# completed to have no "hole"
+maps: dict[tuple[str, str], list[tuple[int, int, int]]] = {}
+
+# parsing
+index = 2
+while index < len(lines):
+    p1, _, p2 = lines[index].split()[0].split("-")
+
+    # extract the existing ranges from the file - we store as (source, target, length)
+    # whereas the file is in order (target, source, length)
+    index += 1
+    values: list[tuple[int, int, int]] = []
+    while index < len(lines) and lines[index]:
+        n1, n2, n3 = lines[index].split()
+        values.append((int(n2), int(n1), int(n3)))
+        index += 1
+
+    # sort by source value
+    values.sort()
+
+    # add a 'fake' interval starting at 0 if missing
+    if values[0][0] != 0:
+        values.insert(0, (0, 0, values[0][0]))
+
+    # fill gaps between intervals
+    for i in range(len(values) - 1):
+        next_start = values[i + 1][0]
+        end = values[i][0] + values[i][2]
+        if next_start != end:
+            values.insert(
+                i + 1,
+                (end, end, next_start - end),
+            )
+
+    # add an interval covering values up to at least 2**32 at the end
+    last_start, _, last_length = values[-1]
+    values.append((last_start + last_length, last_start + last_length, 2**32))
+
+    assert all(v1[0] + v1[2] == v2[0] for v1, v2 in zip(values[:-1], values[1:]))
+    assert values[0][0] == 0
+    assert values[-1][0] + values[-1][-1] >= 2**32
+
+    maps[p1, p2] = values
+    index += 1
+
+
+def find_range(
+    values: tuple[int, int], map: list[tuple[int, int, int]]
+) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+    """
+    Given an input range, use the given mapping to find the corresponding list of
+    ranges in the target domain.
+    """
+    r_start, r_length = values
+    ranges: list[tuple[int, int]] = []
+
+    # find index of the first and last intervals in map that overlaps the input
+    # interval
+    index_start, index_end = -1, -1
+
+    for index_start, (start, _, length) in enumerate(map):
+        if start <= r_start and start + length > r_start:
+            break
+
+    for index_end, (start, _, length) in enumerate(
+        map[index_start:], start=index_start
+    ):
+        if r_start + r_length >= start and r_start + r_length < start + length:
+            break
+
+    assert index_start >= 0 and index_end >= 0
+
+    # special case if one interval contains everything
+    if index_start == index_end:
+        start, target, length = map[index_start]
+        ranges.append((target + r_start - start, r_length))
+    else:
+        # add the start interval part
+        start, target, length = map[index_start]
+        ranges.append((target + r_start - start, start + length - r_start))
+
+        # add all intervals between the first and last (excluding both)
+        index = index_start + 1
+        while index < index_end:
+            start, target, length = map[index]
+            ranges.append((target, length))
+            index += 1
+
+        # add the last interval
+        start, target, length = map[index_end]
+        ranges.append((target, r_start + r_length - start))
+
+    return ranges
+
+
+def find_location_ranges(seeds: Sequence[tuple[int, int]]) -> Sequence[tuple[int, int]]:
+    for map1, map2 in zip(MAP_ORDER[:-1], MAP_ORDER[1:]):
+        seeds = [s2 for s1 in seeds for s2 in find_range(s1, maps[map1, map2])]
+    return seeds
+
+
+# part 1 - use find_range() with range of length 1
+seeds_p1 = [(int(s), 1) for s in lines[0].split(":")[1].strip().split()]
+answer_1 = min(start for start, _ in find_location_ranges(seeds_p1))
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# # part 2
+parts = lines[0].split(":")[1].strip().split()
+seeds_p2 = [(int(s), int(e)) for s, e in zip(parts[::2], parts[1::2])]
+answer_2 = min(start for start, _ in find_location_ranges(seeds_p2))
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day6.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import math
+import sys
+
+
+def extreme_times_to_beat(time: int, distance: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    # formula (T = total time, D = target distance)
+    # - speed(t) = t,
+    # - distance(t) = (T - t) * speed(t)
+    # - distance(t) > D
+    #   <=> (T - t) * t > D
+    #   <=> -t^2 + T * t - D >= 0
+
+    a, b, c = -1, time, -distance
+    d = b * b - 4 * a * c
+
+    t1 = math.ceil(-(b - math.sqrt(d)) / (2 * a))
+    t2 = math.floor(-(b + math.sqrt(d)) / (2 * a))
+
+    if (time - t1) * t1 == distance:
+        t1 += 1
+
+    if (time - t2) * t2 == distance:
+        t2 -= 1
+
+    return t1, t2
+
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+# part 1
+times = list(map(int, lines[0].split()[1:]))
+distances = list(map(int, lines[1].split()[1:]))
+answer_1 = math.prod(
+    t2 - t1 + 1
+    for t1, t2 in (
+        extreme_times_to_beat(time, distance)
+        for time, distance in zip(times, distances)
+    )
+)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+time = int(lines[0].split(":")[1].strip().replace(" ", ""))
+distance = int(lines[1].split(":")[1].strip().replace(" ", ""))
+t1, t2 = extreme_times_to_beat(time, distance)
+answer_2 = t2 - t1 + 1
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day7.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import sys
+from collections import Counter, defaultdict
+
+
+class HandTypes:
+    HIGH_CARD = 0
+    ONE_PAIR = 1
+    TWO_PAIR = 2
+    THREE_OF_A_KIND = 3
+    FULL_HOUSE = 4
+    FOUR_OF_A_KIND = 5
+    FIVE_OF_A_KIND = 6
+
+
+# mapping from number of different cards + highest count of card to the hand type
+LEN_LAST_TO_TYPE: dict[int, dict[int, int]] = {
+    1: defaultdict(lambda: HandTypes.FIVE_OF_A_KIND),
+    2: defaultdict(lambda: HandTypes.FULL_HOUSE, {4: HandTypes.FOUR_OF_A_KIND}),
+    3: defaultdict(lambda: HandTypes.TWO_PAIR, {3: HandTypes.THREE_OF_A_KIND}),
+    4: defaultdict(lambda: HandTypes.ONE_PAIR),
+    5: defaultdict(lambda: HandTypes.HIGH_CARD),
+}
+
+
+def extract_key(hand: str, values: dict[str, int], joker: str = "0") -> tuple[int, ...]:
+    # get count of each cards, in increasing count - the 'or' part handles the JJJJJ
+    # case when joker is True
+    cnt = sorted(Counter(hand.replace(joker, "")).values()) or [0]
+
+    return (LEN_LAST_TO_TYPE[len(cnt)][cnt[-1] + hand.count(joker)],) + tuple(
+        values[c] for c in hand
+    )
+
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+cards = [(t[0], int(t[1])) for line in lines if (t := line.split())]
+
+
+# part 1
+values = {card: value for value, card in enumerate("23456789TJQKA")}
+cards.sort(key=lambda cv: extract_key(cv[0], values=values))
+answer_1 = sum(rank * value for rank, (_, value) in enumerate(cards, start=1))
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+values = {card: value for value, card in enumerate("J23456789TQKA")}
+cards.sort(key=lambda cv: extract_key(cv[0], values=values, joker="J"))
+answer_2 = sum(rank * value for rank, (_, value) in enumerate(cards, start=1))
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day8.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import itertools
+import math
+import sys
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+sequence = lines[0]
+nodes = {
+    p[0]: {d: n for d, n in zip("LR", p[1].strip("()").split(", "))}
+    for line in lines[2:]
+    if (p := line.split(" = "))
+}
+
+
+def path(start: str):
+    path = [start]
+    it_seq = iter(itertools.cycle(sequence))
+    while not path[-1].endswith("Z"):
+        path.append(nodes[path[-1]][next(it_seq)])
+    return path
+
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = len(path(next(node for node in nodes if node.endswith("A")))) - 1
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = math.lcm(*(len(path(node)) - 1 for node in nodes if node.endswith("A")))
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/2023/day9.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import sys
+
+lines = sys.stdin.read().splitlines()
+
+data = [[int(c) for c in line.split()] for line in lines]
+
+right_values: list[int] = []
+left_values: list[int] = []
+for values in data:
+    diffs = [values]
+    while any(d != 0 for d in diffs[-1]):
+        diffs.append([rhs - lhs for lhs, rhs in zip(diffs[-1][:-1], diffs[-1][1:])])
+
+    rhs: list[int] = [0]
+    lhs: list[int] = [0]
+    for cx in range(len(diffs) - 1):
+        rhs.append(diffs[-cx - 2][-1] + rhs[cx])
+        lhs.append(diffs[-cx - 2][0] - lhs[cx])
+
+    right_values.append(rhs[-1])
+    left_values.append(lhs[-1])
+
+# part 1
+answer_1 = sum(right_values)
+print(f"answer 1 is {answer_1}")
+
+# part 2
+answer_2 = sum(left_values)
+print(f"answer 2 is {answer_2}")

src/holt59/aoc/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import argparse
+import importlib
+import os
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser("Holt59 Advent-Of-Code Runner")
+    parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", help="verbose mode")
+    parser.add_argument("-t", "--test", action="store_true", help="test mode")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-u", "--user", type=str, default="holt59", help="user input to use"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-i",
+        "--input",
+        type=Path,
+        default=None,
+        help="input to use (override user and test)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("-y", "--year", type=int, help="year to run", default=2023)
+    parser.add_argument("day", type=int, help="day to run")
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    verbose: bool = args.verbose
+    test: bool = args.test
+    user: str = args.user
+    input_path: Path | None = args.input
+
+    year: int = args.year
+    day: int = args.day
+
+    # TODO: change this
+    if verbose:
+        os.environ["AOC_VERBOSE"] = "True"
+
+    if input_path is None:
+        input_path = Path(__file__).parent.joinpath(
+            "inputs", "tests" if test else user, str(year), f"day{day}.txt"
+        )
+    assert input_path.exists(), f"{input_path} missing"
+
+    with open(input_path) as fp:
+        sys.stdin = fp
+        importlib.import_module(f".{year}.day{day}", __package__)
+
+    sys.stdin = sys.__stdin__

src/holt59/aoc/inputs/holt59/2021/day4.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+46,12,57,37,14,78,31,71,87,52,64,97,10,35,54,36,27,84,80,94,99,22,0,11,30,44,86,59,66,7,90,21,51,53,92,8,76,41,39,77,42,88,29,24,60,17,68,13,79,67,50,82,25,61,20,16,6,3,81,19,85,9,28,56,75,96,2,26,1,62,33,63,32,73,18,48,43,65,98,5,91,69,47,4,38,23,49,34,55,83,93,45,72,95,40,15,58,74,70,89
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+77 28 43 56 97
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+32 75 81 63 21

src/holt59/aoc/inputs/holt59/2021/day5.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+657,934 -> 657,926
+130,34 -> 570,474
+478,716 -> 226,464
+861,110 -> 861,167
+448,831 -> 370,831
+75,738 -> 390,738
+26,880 -> 864,42
+965,658 -> 527,220
+208,381 -> 80,381
+523,475 -> 807,475
+219,69 -> 219,434
+793,538 -> 534,797
+754,602 -> 754,148
+443,327 -> 443,611
+606,395 -> 546,395
+980,56 -> 51,985
+619,325 -> 354,325
+342,123 -> 819,600
+290,533 -> 374,533
+598,77 -> 598,75
+605,302 -> 605,636
+97,981 -> 692,386
+278,779 -> 278,800
+661,377 -> 661,10
+726,108 -> 518,316
+271,883 -> 271,50
+382,271 -> 606,271
+963,358 -> 891,286
+496,880 -> 496,855
+211,142 -> 211,49
+841,866 -> 260,285
+841,849 -> 173,181
+927,326 -> 391,862
+396,558 -> 459,558
+753,183 -> 953,183
+941,698 -> 941,407
+347,612 -> 347,476
+18,340 -> 18,612
+140,299 -> 797,956
+714,907 -> 714,228
+966,155 -> 194,927
+769,674 -> 712,674
+644,675 -> 948,979
+703,872 -> 812,763
+26,629 -> 120,535
+844,738 -> 844,253
+798,133 -> 798,795
+27,318 -> 288,57
+38,545 -> 872,545
+827,351 -> 195,983
+818,45 -> 21,842
+257,559 -> 626,928
+145,925 -> 886,184
+83,618 -> 590,111
+326,243 -> 53,243
+489,278 -> 526,278
+783,693 -> 783,525
+495,636 -> 495,585
+374,716 -> 215,557
+839,536 -> 839,966
+850,468 -> 955,468
+55,799 -> 55,447
+472,722 -> 296,898
+390,731 -> 120,461
+405,493 -> 208,296
+807,42 -> 56,793
+476,327 -> 655,327
+24,965 -> 967,22
+776,211 -> 776,850
+489,20 -> 822,20
+630,740 -> 871,499
+743,493 -> 283,953
+62,429 -> 62,720
+806,270 -> 806,332
+550,154 -> 107,597
+71,713 -> 533,251
+620,575 -> 620,156
+726,829 -> 143,246
+944,553 -> 468,553
+185,582 -> 185,468
+845,266 -> 212,899
+654,97 -> 265,486
+726,609 -> 726,147
+631,76 -> 860,76
+835,24 -> 928,24
+712,719 -> 74,81
+616,478 -> 616,117
+903,226 -> 903,577
+440,699 -> 136,395
+215,705 -> 890,30
+20,24 -> 981,985
+102,144 -> 850,892
+695,967 -> 582,967
+219,284 -> 219,388
+359,833 -> 665,833
+389,55 -> 305,55
+59,32 -> 957,930
+815,198 -> 64,949
+699,540 -> 717,558
+215,682 -> 182,682
+805,489 -> 328,489
+43,546 -> 578,546
+489,181 -> 489,363
+266,391 -> 266,582
+863,368 -> 448,368
+83,236 -> 83,487
+874,875 -> 874,413
+799,90 -> 799,802
+253,29 -> 253,905
+136,446 -> 435,745
+830,534 -> 550,534
+183,785 -> 107,785
+81,517 -> 159,517
+359,941 -> 359,560
+71,546 -> 948,546
+596,811 -> 596,791
+255,960 -> 255,159
+788,15 -> 788,682
+240,55 -> 240,244
+51,423 -> 137,423
+504,418 -> 809,723
+131,842 -> 914,59
+727,790 -> 82,145
+281,509 -> 841,509
+797,807 -> 834,807
+333,499 -> 790,499
+215,328 -> 215,139
+500,898 -> 500,862
+75,217 -> 777,919
+17,264 -> 17,446
+852,755 -> 150,755
+865,186 -> 385,186
+158,192 -> 158,733
+196,261 -> 196,128
+989,960 -> 131,102
+807,393 -> 807,153
+507,579 -> 507,764
+468,76 -> 535,76
+381,357 -> 659,357
+794,277 -> 749,277
+51,152 -> 546,647
+797,959 -> 458,959
+82,156 -> 967,156
+261,624 -> 460,624
+597,53 -> 197,53
+153,507 -> 411,765
+305,717 -> 768,717
+344,954 -> 344,217
+194,432 -> 545,432
+346,46 -> 557,46
+685,599 -> 685,312
+49,719 -> 49,631
+499,668 -> 304,863
+262,405 -> 554,405
+87,64 -> 295,64
+859,675 -> 74,675
+663,776 -> 99,212
+232,189 -> 232,904
+777,276 -> 703,276
+704,492 -> 86,492
+142,736 -> 514,364
+418,611 -> 224,417
+602,571 -> 602,424
+152,603 -> 248,603
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